Description
Exercise Physiology 8th Edition Powers Howley Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0078022531
ISBN-10: 0078022533
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TEST BANK
Chapter 7
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: STRUCTURE
AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
- Anatomically, the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:
- afferent and efferent.
- central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
- sensory and motor.
- sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Ans: b
- Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called
- efferent.
- afferent.
- dendrites.
- sensory.
Ans: a
- Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:
- cell body, soma, and axon.
- soma, dendrites, and Schwann cells.
- cell body, dendrites, and axon.
- afferent, efferent, and dendrites.
Ans: c
- Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called
- irritability.
- conductivity.
- action potential.
- resting membrane potential.
Ans: d
- The action potential is generated when a stimulus
- opens sodium channels.
- opens voltage-gated potassium channels.
- causes the interior of the cell to become more negative.
- blocks the entry of sodium into the cell.
Ans: a
- Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called
- efferent fibers.
- dendrites.
- afferent fibers.
- synapses.
Ans: c
- The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are termed
- motor neurons.
- proprioceptors.
- extrafusal fibers.
- chemoreceptors.
Ans: b
- The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.
- pacinian corpuscle
- Golgi tendon organ
- vestibular apparatus
- cerebellum
Ans: c
- A “movement plan” is developed the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification
- medulla
- cerebellum
- motor cortex
- sensory cortex
Ans: c
- The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the
- cerebellum.
- cerebrum.
- brain stem.
- hypothalamus.
Ans: b
- The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the
- cerebrum.
- motor cortex.
- brain stem.
- cerebellum.
Ans: d
- Voluntary movements are planned and executed the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.
- true
- false
Ans: b
- The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called
- sympathetic and unsympathetic.
- sympathetic and parasympathetic.
- afferent and efferent.
- CNS and PNS.
Ans: b
- An excitatory neurotransmitter results in increased neuronal permeability to
- sodium and results in IPSPs.
- sodium and results in EPSPs.
- potassium and results in IPSPs.
- potassium and results in EPSPs.
Ans: b
- Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the basal ganglia resulting in
- an impairment in maximal speed of movement.
- increased involuntary movement of tremors.
- an impairment in hearing.
- impaired reaction times.
Ans: b
- The term kinesthesia refers to
- the study of movement.
- a lack of sensation in the muscles and joints.
- conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.
- the transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.
Ans: c
- The spinal cord translated a voluntary movement into appropriate muscle action. This is called
- spinal modification.
- spinal tuning.
- motor activation.
- action potential generation.
Ans: b
- Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called
- inhibitory transmitters.
- receptors.
- excitatory transmitters.
- synaptic transmitters.
Ans: c
- The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called
- spatial summation.
- temporal summation.
- IPSP.
- hyperpolarization.
Ans: b
- Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons, and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.
- true
- false
Ans: a
- The initial drive to move comes from
- the motor cortex.
- the cerebellum.
- subcortical and cortical areas.
- feedback from motor units.
Ans: c
- ______________ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus.
- Irritability
- Conductivity
- Depolarization
- Repolarization
Ans: a
- The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is
- acetylcholine.
- norepinephrine.
- serotonin.
- dopamine.
Ans: a
- Relative to brain health, regular aerobic exercise has been shown to
- enhance learning and memory
- improve brain blood flow
- stimulate neuron formation
- do all of the above.
Ans: d
- Which of the following is true concerning neurons?
- The resting membrane potential is generally in the range of 40mv to 75mv.
- Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
- An action potential occurs when all of the neuron’s potassium gates open.
- The depolarization of a neuron occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more negative.
Ans: b
- The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.
- true
- false
Ans: b
- Equilibrium and balance require input from the
- vestibular apparatus.
- eyes.
- joint, tendon, and muscle receptors.
- all of the above.
Ans: d
- The neurological disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of axons in multiple areas of the CNS is
- Parkinson’s disease.
- kinesthesia.
- multiple sclerosis.
Ans: c
- Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the
- amount of force generated muscle during a contraction.
- length of muscle.
- amount of energy expended during a muscle contraction.
- speed of muscle contraction.
Ans: b
- The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called
- extrafusal fibers.
- gamma fibers.
- intrafusal fibers.
- satellite cells.
Ans: c
- The “knee jerk” or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the
- Golgi tendon organ
- muscle spindle
Ans: b
- The Golgi tendon organs monitor
- tension produced muscular contraction.
- the length of muscle.
- the concentration of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.
- the position of joints during movement.
Ans: a
