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Exercise Physiology 8^th Edition Powers Howley Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-0078022531

ISBN-10: 0078022533

 

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TEST BANK

 

Chapter 7

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: STRUCTURE

AND CONTROL OF MOVEMENT

 

 

 

1. Anatomically, the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:
2. afferent and efferent.
3. central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
4. sensory and motor.
5. sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Ans:     b

 

 

2. Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called
3. efferent.
4. afferent.
5. dendrites.
6. sensory.

Ans:     a

 

 

3. Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:
4. cell body, soma, and axon.
5. soma, dendrites, and Schwann cells.
6. cell body, dendrites, and axon.
7. afferent, efferent, and dendrites.

Ans:     c

 

 

4. Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called
5. irritability.
6. conductivity.
7. action potential.
8. resting membrane potential.

Ans:     d

 

 

5. The action potential is generated when a stimulus
6. opens sodium channels.
7. opens voltage-gated potassium channels.
8. causes the interior of the cell to become more negative.
9. blocks the entry of sodium into the cell.

Ans:     a

 

 

6. Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called
7. efferent fibers.
8. dendrites.
9. afferent fibers.
10. synapses.

Ans:     c

 

 

7. The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are termed
8. motor neurons.
9. proprioceptors.
10. extrafusal fibers.
11. chemoreceptors.

Ans:     b

 

 

8. The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.
9. pacinian corpuscle
10. Golgi tendon organ
11. vestibular apparatus
12. cerebellum

Ans:     c

 

 

9. A “movement plan” is developed by the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification
10. medulla
11. cerebellum
12. motor cortex
13. sensory cortex

Ans:     c

 

 

10. The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the
11. cerebellum.
12. cerebrum.
13. brain stem.
14. hypothalamus.

Ans:     b

 

 

11. The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the
12. cerebrum.
13. motor cortex.
14. brain stem.
15. cerebellum.

Ans:     d

12. Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.
13. true
14. false

Ans:     b

 

 

13. The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called
14. sympathetic and unsympathetic.
15. sympathetic and parasympathetic.
16. afferent and efferent.
17. CNS and PNS.

Ans:     b

 

 

14. An excitatory neurotransmitter results in increased neuronal permeability to
15. sodium and results in IPSPs.
16. sodium and results in EPSPs.
17. potassium and results in IPSPs.
18. potassium and results in EPSPs.

Ans:     b

 

 

15. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the basal ganglia resulting in
16. an impairment in maximal speed of movement.
17. increased involuntary movement of tremors.
18. an impairment in hearing.
19. impaired reaction times.

Ans:     b

 

 

16. The term kinesthesia refers to
17. the study of movement.
18. a lack of sensation in the muscles and joints.
19. conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.
20. the transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.

Ans:     c

 

 

17. The spinal cord translated a voluntary movement into appropriate muscle action. This is called
18. spinal modification.
19. spinal tuning.
20. motor activation.
21. action potential generation.

Ans:     b

 

 

 

 

18. Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called
19. inhibitory transmitters.
20. receptors.
21. excitatory transmitters.
22. synaptic transmitters.

Ans:     c

 

 

19. The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called
20. spatial summation.
21. temporal summation.
22. IPSP.
23. hyperpolarization.

Ans:     b

 

 

20. Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons, and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.
21. true
22. false

Ans:     a

 

 

21. The initial drive to move comes from
22. the motor cortex.
23. the cerebellum.
24. subcortical and cortical areas.
25. feedback from motor units.

Ans:     c

 

 

22. ______________ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus.
23. Irritability
24. Conductivity
25. Depolarization
26. Repolarization

Ans:     a

 

 

23. The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is
24. acetylcholine.
25. norepinephrine.
26. serotonin.
27. dopamine.

Ans:     a

 

 

24. Relative to brain health, regular aerobic exercise has been shown to
25. enhance learning and memory
26. improve brain blood flow
27. stimulate neuron formation
28. do all of the above.

Ans:     d

 

 

25. Which of the following is true concerning neurons?
26. The resting membrane potential is generally in the range of 40mv to 75mv.
27. Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
28. An action potential occurs when all of the neuron’s potassium gates open.
29. The depolarization of a neuron occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more negative.

Ans:     b

 

 

26. The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.
27. true
28. false

Ans:     b

 

 

27. Equilibrium and balance require input from the
28. vestibular apparatus.
29. eyes.
30. joint, tendon, and muscle receptors.
31. all of the above.

Ans:     d

 

 

28. The neurological disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of axons in multiple areas of the CNS is
29. Parkinson’s disease.
30. kinesthesia.
31. multiple sclerosis.

Ans:     c

 

 

29. Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the
30. amount of force generated by muscle during a contraction.
31. length of muscle.
32. amount of energy expended during a muscle contraction.
33. speed of muscle contraction.

Ans:     b

 

 

30. The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called
31. extrafusal fibers.
32. gamma fibers.
33. intrafusal fibers.
34. satellite cells.

Ans:     c

31. The “knee jerk” or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the
32. Golgi tendon organ
33. muscle spindle

Ans:     b

 

 

32. The Golgi tendon organs monitor
33. tension produced by muscular contraction.
34. the length of muscle.
35. the concentration of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.
36. the position of joints during movement.

Ans:     a