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Human Anatomy 3rd Edition McKinley OLoughlin Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-0073378091

ISBN-10: 0077523008

 

 

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Chapter 18. Autonomic Nervous System

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.

Which is not true about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? A. The ANS is part of both the CNS and the PNS   B. ANS functions are involuntary   C. The ANS does not use sensory neurons   D. ANS motor neurons innervate cardiac muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers, and glands   E. ANS motor pathways always include two neurons

 

2.	Which is not true about the somatic nervous system (SNS)? A. The SNS is under voluntary control   B. The SNS uses motor and sensory neurons   C. The SNS innervates skeletal muscle fibers   D. The SNS is part of both the CNS and the PNS   E. The SNS is activated by visceral sensory neurons

 

3.	The first of the two ANS motor neurons is the ______ neuron. A. Preganglionic   B. Postganglionic   C. Terminal   D. Neuronal   E. Posterior

 

4.	Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system? A. Cardiac muscle   B. Smooth muscle   C. Glands   D. Skeletal muscle   E. No exceptions; all are effectors of the autonomic nervous system

 

5.

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic, A. Use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle   B. Contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons   C. Are voluntary   D. Are composed of PNS structures only   E. Function only during sleep

 

6.

Which statements are correct concerning the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei b: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions c: It participates in the “fight-or-flight” response d: It maintains homeostasis e: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord A. a, d, e   B. a, c, e   C. b, c, d   D. b, c   E. c, d, e

 

7.

Which statements are correct concerning the sympathetic division of the ANS? a: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions b: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei c: It is associated with the oculomotor and facial nerves d: It participates in the “fight-or-flight” response e: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord A. a, d   B. a, c, d, e   C. b, c, e   D. b, d   E. a, b, d

 

8.	The sympathetic division of the ANS has A. Long postganglionic axons   B. Norepinephrine as a transmitter substance   C. Short preganglionic axons   D. Preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord   E. All of the choices are correct

 

9.	Which is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A. Long postganglionic axons   B. Long preganglionic axons   C. No rami communicantes   D. Terminal ganglia close to the target organ   E. Craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies

 

10.	Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a: III b: IV c: V d: VII e: IX f: X g: XII A. a, d, e, f   B. b, c, d, e   C. a, c, d, g   D. c, d, f, g   E. b, e, f, g

 

11.	The preganglionic axons of CN III extend to the _______ ganglion. A. Pterygopalatine   B. Submandibular   C. Otic   D. Pelvic   E. Ciliary

 

12.	The preganglionic axons of CN VII extend to the A. Pterygopalatine ganglion   B. Submandibular ganglion   C. Otic ganglion   D. Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia   E. Pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia

 

13.	The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the A. Parotid salivary gland   B. Large intestine   C. Lacrimal gland   D. Sublingual salivary gland   E. Ciliary muscle

 

14.	The parasympathetic preganglionic axons of CN VII exit from the A. Mesencephalon   B. Cerebral cortex   C. Pons   D. Lateral horns of the S1 spinal cord segment   E. Lateral horns of the T1 spinal cord segment

 

15.	The CN that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs is A. CN II   B. CN III   C. CN VI   D. CN IX   E. CN X

 

16.	The parasympathetic postganglionic axons of the sacral spinal nerves innervate the a: Large intestine b: Reproductive organs c: Salivary glands d: Pupillary constrictor muscles e: Urinary bladder f: Ureters A. a, d, e   B. b, c, e   C. a, b, e, f   D. c, d, f   E. a, c

 

17.	The CN having multiple terminal and intramural ganglia is A. CN III   B. CN VII   C. CN IX   D. CN X   E. CN XII

 

18.	The sympathetic trunks are located A. Superior to the brachial plexus   B. Inferior to the sacral plexus   C. Immediately lateral to the vertebral column   D. Lateral to prevertebral ganglia   E. In the craniosacral regions

 

19.	The preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are housed in the A. Anterior columns of the spinal cord   B. Posterior columns of the spinal cord   C. Sympathetic trunk   D. Lateral horns of the T1-L2 segments of the spinal cord   E. Paravertebral ganglia

 

20.	Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the A. White rami communicantes   B. Superior cervical ganglion   C. Gray rami communicantes   D. Splanchnic nerves   E. Pterygopalatine ganglion

 

21.

The sympathetic postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion innervate a: Sweat glands in the head b: Sweat glands in the palms c: Smooth muscle of blood vessels in the head d: Smooth muscles of blood vessels in the antebrachial region e: Superior tarsal muscle of the eye f: Submandibular salivary gland A. a, c, e   B. b, d, f   C. a, c, f   D. d, e, f   E. b, d

 

22.

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the A. Effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon   B. Major abdominal arteries around which they are found   C. Vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels   D. Distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion   E. Early anatomist who discovered and described them

 

23.	Prevertebral ganglia are located A. Posterior to the vertebral column   B. Lateral to the vertebral column   C. Anterior to the vertebral column   D. At the termination site of the postganglionic axon   E. Medial to the dorsal spinal columns

 

24.	Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the A. Stomach   B. Spleen   C. Liver   D. Gallbladder   E. All of the choices are correct

 

25.	There are ________ prevertebral ganglia. A. 2   B. 3   C. 4   D. 5   E. 12

 

26.	The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate A. The distal half of the duodenum   B. Part of the pancreas   C. Part of the small intestine   D. The proximal part of the large intestine   E. All of the choices are correct

 

27.	The prevertebral ganglion that receives axons that originate in the L1-L2 segments of the spinal cord is the _____ ganglion. A. Celiac   B. Superior mesenteric   C. Inferior mesenteric   D. Splenic   E. Hepatic

 

28.	The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the _______ segments of the spinal cord. A. T1-T4   B. T2-T6   C. T5-T9   D. T7-T9   E. T10-T12

 

29.

Splanchnic nerves are composed of A. Preganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   B. Preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   C. Postganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   D. Postganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   E. None of the choices is correct.

 

30.	Postganglionic axons are A. Myelinated   B. Unmyelinated   C. Sometimes myelinated and sometimes unmyelinated

 

31.	Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to A. Alternating spinal nerves   B. The cranial nerves   C. Every fourth spinal nerve   D. All spinal nerves   E. None of the choices is correct; the gray rami carry impulses to the sympathetic trunk

 

32.	Once inside the sympathetic trunk, the sympathetic preganglionic axons may/will A. Remain at the level of entry   B. Travel superiorly   C. Travel inferiorly   D. Follow any of the routes listed

 

33.	Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of these answers involve only a sympathetic preganglionic axon

 

34.

Which sympathetic pathway involves a preganglionic neuron that synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion, but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

35.	The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

36.	Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

37.	The sympathetic division outflow that results in innervation of the pelvic organs has as its spinal cord segment origin A. T1-T2   B. T1-L2   C. T1-T4   D. T5-T12   E. T10-L2

 

38.

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve? A. Esophageal plexus   B. Pulmonary plexus   C. Abdominal aortic plexus   D. Hypogastric plexus   E. Cardiac plexus

 

39.	Which autonomic plexus innervates viscera within the pelvic region? A. Esophageal plexus   B. Pulmonary plexus   C. Abdominal aortic plexus   D. Hypogastric plexus   E. Cardiac plexus

 

40.	The cardiac sphincter is innervated by parasympathetic axons coming from the _______ plexus. A. Esophageal   B. Abdominal aortic   C. Pulmonary   D. Hypogastric   E. Cardiac

 

41.	Which type of innervation causes pupil dilation? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

42.	Which type of innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

43.	Which type of innervation causes the heart rate to increase? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

44.	Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex? A. Cardiac muscle contraction   B. Smooth muscle contraction   C. Secretion by glands   D. All of the choices are correct   E. None of the choices is correct

 

45.	In the brain, the ________ is the integration and command center for autonomic functions. A. Medulla   B. Cerebral cortex   C. Spinal cord   D. Brainstem   E. Hypothalamus

 

46.	The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the A. Brainstem   B. Hypothalamus   C. Spinal cord   D. Cerebral cortex   E. Cerebellum

 

47.	The parasympathetic autonomic responses associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the A. Brainstem   B. Hypothalamus   C. Spinal cord   D. Cerebellum   E. Limbic center

 

48.	During its embryological development, the autonomic nervous system forms from A. Neural tube cells   B. Neural crest cells   C. Both neural tube cells and neural crest cells

 

49.	The sympathetic trunk begins to form during week A. 4   B. 5   C. 6   D. 8   E. 10

 

50.	The developing heart and lungs begin to receive autonomic innervation in the _______ week of development. A. 4th   B. 5th   C. 6th   D. 10th   E. 16th

 

51.	The number of ganglia that may be associated with motor neurons of the somatic nervous system is A. 1   B. 2   C. 3   D. 4   E. 0

 

52.	This diagram illustrates an example of a(n) A. Spinal nerve pathway   B. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   C. Adrenal medulla pathway   D. Splanchnic nerve pathway   E. Raynaud nerve pathway

 

 

53.	Which of the diagrams illustrates a parasympathetic ANS pathway? A. 1   B. 2

 

54.	Which number indicates a postganglionic axon? A. 3   B. 4   C. 5   D. 6   E. 7

 

 

True / False Questions

55.	The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are part of both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. True    False

 

56.	The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons. True    False

 

57.	The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs. True    False

 

58.	Neuronal divergence occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells. True    False

 

59.	Both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems may have sensory input from general somatic senses. True    False

 

60.	The somatic nervous system is capable of both the excitation and inhibition of effectors. True    False

 

61.	Both types of axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter. True    False

 

62.	The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also called the craniosacral division. True    False

 

63.	The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the thoracosacral division. True    False

 

64.	Terminal and intramural ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. True    False

 

65.	The postganglionic axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS are considered short. True    False

 

66.	With respect to divergence of axons in the sympathetic division of the ANS, one axon innervates fewer than four ganglionic cell bodies. True    False

 

67.	Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. True    False

 

68.	Parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscles allows one to see close-up objects. True    False

 

69.	Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal glands. True    False

 

70.	Parasympathetic postganglionic axons from the otic ganglion cause an increase in secretion from the parotid salivary glands. True    False

 

71.	Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs. True    False

 

72.	The parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves is responsible for erection of the female clitoris and the male penis. True    False

 

73.	The lack of extensive divergence of parasympathetic preganglionic axons prevents the mass activation seen in the sympathetic division. True    False

 

74.	White rami communicantes carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk. True    False

 

75.	The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. True    False

 

76.	Sweating is a result of sympathetic stimulation. True    False

 

77.	Micturition is partly the result of autonomic stimulation of the urinary bladder. True    False

 

78.	The ANS functions independently of any influence from the CNS. True    False

 

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

79.	The second neuron in an autonomic pathway is called a _________ neuron. ________________________________________

 

80.	Neuronal __________ occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell. ________________________________________

 

81.	White rami appear white in color due to the fact that they are ___________. ________________________________________

 

82.	The __________ division of the ANS is most commonly associated with the preparation of the body for emergencies. ________________________________________

 

83.	Parasympathetic ______________ axons are longer than their counterparts in the sympathetic division. ________________________________________

 

84.	In the parasympathetic division, _________ ganglia are located in the wall of the target organ. ________________________________________

 

85.	In the parasympathetic division, _________ ganglia are located close to the target organ. ________________________________________

 

86.	“Rest and digest,” as well as the maintenance of homeostasis, is associated with the action of the _________ division of the ANS. ________________________________________

 

87.	The parasympathetic postganglionic axons that travel to the pupillary constrictor muscle result in pupil ________ when the eye is exposed to bright light. ________________________________________

 

88.	The sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed in the _______ horn of the appropriate thoracolumbar regions of the spinal cord. ________________________________________

 

89.	Except for the _______ region of the spinal cord, one sympathetic trunk ganglion is approximately associated with each spinal nerve. ________________________________________

 

90.	_______ rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves. ________________________________________

 

91.	_______ nerves are composed of preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic ganglion. ________________________________________

 

92.	The _______ mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the T10-T12 segments of the spinal cord. ________________________________________

 

93.	The ________ ganglia differ from the sympathetic trunk ganglia segments in that they are single structures, rather than paired. ________________________________________

 

94.	An axon takes the ______ nerve pathway if a preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion. ________________________________________

 

95.	Autonomic _________ are collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons and parasympathetic preganglionic axons, as well as some visceral sensory axons. ________________________________________

 

96.	The abdominal _______ plexus consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus, and inferior mesenteric plexus. ________________________________________

 

97.	Both the cardiac plexus and the _______ plexus consist of postganglionic sympathetic axons from the thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia and preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve. ________________________________________

 

98.	All ANS preganglionic axons release _____________ as their neurotransmitter. ________________________________________

 

99.	The axons that release norepinephrine are called _________. ________________________________________

 

100.	Many visceral effectors have _______ innervation, meaning that they are innervated by postganglionic axons from both ANS divisions. ________________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 18. Autonomic Nervous System Key
 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.

Which is not true about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? A. The ANS is part of both the CNS and the PNS   B. ANS functions are involuntary   C. The ANS does not use sensory neurons   D. ANS motor neurons innervate cardiac muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers, and glands   E. ANS motor pathways always include two neurons

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

2.	Which is not true about the somatic nervous system (SNS)? A. The SNS is under voluntary control   B. The SNS uses motor and sensory neurons   C. The SNS innervates skeletal muscle fibers   D. The SNS is part of both the CNS and the PNS   E. The SNS is activated by visceral sensory neurons

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

3.	The first of the two ANS motor neurons is the ______ neuron. A. Preganglionic   B. Postganglionic   C. Terminal   D. Neuronal   E. Posterior

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.02 Explain how the two-neuron chain facilitates communication and control in the ANS. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

4.	Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system? A. Cardiac muscle   B. Smooth muscle   C. Glands   D. Skeletal muscle   E. No exceptions; all are effectors of the autonomic nervous system

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.02 Explain how the two-neuron chain facilitates communication and control in the ANS. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

5.

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic, A. Use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle   B. Contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons   C. Are voluntary   D. Are composed of PNS structures only   E. Function only during sleep

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.01.02 Explain how the two-neuron chain facilitates communication and control in the ANS. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

6.

Which statements are correct concerning the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei b: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions c: It participates in the “fight-or-flight” response d: It maintains homeostasis e: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord A. a, d, e   B. a, c, e   C. b, c, d   D. b, c   E. c, d, e

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

7.

Which statements are correct concerning the sympathetic division of the ANS? a: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions b: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in brainstem nuclei c: It is associated with the oculomotor and facial nerves d: It participates in the “fight-or-flight” response e: Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the sacral region of the spinal cord A. a, d   B. a, c, d, e   C. b, c, e   D. b, d   E. a, b, d

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

8.	The sympathetic division of the ANS has A. Long postganglionic axons   B. Norepinephrine as a transmitter substance   C. Short preganglionic axons   D. Preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord   E. All of the choices are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

9.	Which is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A. Long postganglionic axons   B. Long preganglionic axons   C. No rami communicantes   D. Terminal ganglia close to the target organ   E. Craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

10.	Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a: III b: IV c: V d: VII e: IX f: X g: XII A. a, d, e, f   B. b, c, d, e   C. a, c, d, g   D. c, d, f, g   E. b, e, f, g

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

11.	The preganglionic axons of CN III extend to the _______ ganglion. A. Pterygopalatine   B. Submandibular   C. Otic   D. Pelvic   E. Ciliary

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

12.	The preganglionic axons of CN VII extend to the A. Pterygopalatine ganglion   B. Submandibular ganglion   C. Otic ganglion   D. Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia   E. Pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

13.	The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the A. Parotid salivary gland   B. Large intestine   C. Lacrimal gland   D. Sublingual salivary gland   E. Ciliary muscle

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

14.	The parasympathetic preganglionic axons of CN VII exit from the A. Mesencephalon   B. Cerebral cortex   C. Pons   D. Lateral horns of the S1 spinal cord segment   E. Lateral horns of the T1 spinal cord segment

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

15.	The CN that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs is A. CN II   B. CN III   C. CN VI   D. CN IX   E. CN X

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

16.	The parasympathetic postganglionic axons of the sacral spinal nerves innervate the a: Large intestine b: Reproductive organs c: Salivary glands d: Pupillary constrictor muscles e: Urinary bladder f: Ureters A. a, d, e   B. b, c, e   C. a, b, e, f   D. c, d, f   E. a, c

 

Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

17.	The CN having multiple terminal and intramural ganglia is A. CN III   B. CN VII   C. CN IX   D. CN X   E. CN XII

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

18.	The sympathetic trunks are located A. Superior to the brachial plexus   B. Inferior to the sacral plexus   C. Immediately lateral to the vertebral column   D. Lateral to prevertebral ganglia   E. In the craniosacral regions

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

19.	The preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are housed in the A. Anterior columns of the spinal cord   B. Posterior columns of the spinal cord   C. Sympathetic trunk   D. Lateral horns of the T1-L2 segments of the spinal cord   E. Paravertebral ganglia

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

20.	Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the A. White rami communicantes   B. Superior cervical ganglion   C. Gray rami communicantes   D. Splanchnic nerves   E. Pterygopalatine ganglion

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

21.

The sympathetic postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion innervate a: Sweat glands in the head b: Sweat glands in the palms c: Smooth muscle of blood vessels in the head d: Smooth muscles of blood vessels in the antebrachial region e: Superior tarsal muscle of the eye f: Submandibular salivary gland A. a, c, e   B. b, d, f   C. a, c, f   D. d, e, f   E. b, d

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Difficult Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

22.

Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the A. Effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon   B. Major abdominal arteries around which they are found   C. Vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels   D. Distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion   E. Early anatomist who discovered and described them

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

23.	Prevertebral ganglia are located A. Posterior to the vertebral column   B. Lateral to the vertebral column   C. Anterior to the vertebral column   D. At the termination site of the postganglionic axon   E. Medial to the dorsal spinal columns

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

24.	Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the A. Stomach   B. Spleen   C. Liver   D. Gallbladder   E. All of the choices are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

25.	There are ________ prevertebral ganglia. A. 2   B. 3   C. 4   D. 5   E. 12

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

26.	The postganglionic axons from the superior mesenteric ganglion innervate A. The distal half of the duodenum   B. Part of the pancreas   C. Part of the small intestine   D. The proximal part of the large intestine   E. All of the choices are correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

27.	The prevertebral ganglion that receives axons that originate in the L1-L2 segments of the spinal cord is the _____ ganglion. A. Celiac   B. Superior mesenteric   C. Inferior mesenteric   D. Splenic   E. Hepatic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

28.	The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the _______ segments of the spinal cord. A. T1-T4   B. T2-T6   C. T5-T9   D. T7-T9   E. T10-T12

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

29.

Splanchnic nerves are composed of A. Preganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   B. Preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   C. Postganglionic sympathetic axons that synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   D. Postganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.   E. None of the choices is correct.

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

30.	Postganglionic axons are A. Myelinated   B. Unmyelinated   C. Sometimes myelinated and sometimes unmyelinated

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

31.	Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to A. Alternating spinal nerves   B. The cranial nerves   C. Every fourth spinal nerve   D. All spinal nerves   E. None of the choices is correct; the gray rami carry impulses to the sympathetic trunk

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

32.	Once inside the sympathetic trunk, the sympathetic preganglionic axons may/will A. Remain at the level of entry   B. Travel superiorly   C. Travel inferiorly   D. Follow any of the routes listed

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

33.	Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of these answers involve only a sympathetic preganglionic axon

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

34.

Which sympathetic pathway involves a preganglionic neuron that synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion, but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

35.	The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.04 Identify the effects of sympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.04c Topic: Nervous System

 

36.	Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels? A. Splanchnic nerve pathway   B. Adrenal medulla pathway   C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   D. Spinal nerve pathway   E. None of the choices is correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.04 Identify the effects of sympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.04c Topic: Nervous System

 

37.	The sympathetic division outflow that results in innervation of the pelvic organs has as its spinal cord segment origin A. T1-T2   B. T1-L2   C. T1-T4   D. T5-T12   E. T10-L2

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.04.04 Identify the effects of sympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.04c Topic: Nervous System

 

38.

Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve? A. Esophageal plexus   B. Pulmonary plexus   C. Abdominal aortic plexus   D. Hypogastric plexus   E. Cardiac plexus

 

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

39.	Which autonomic plexus innervates viscera within the pelvic region? A. Esophageal plexus   B. Pulmonary plexus   C. Abdominal aortic plexus   D. Hypogastric plexus   E. Cardiac plexus

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

40.	The cardiac sphincter is innervated by parasympathetic axons coming from the _______ plexus. A. Esophageal   B. Abdominal aortic   C. Pulmonary   D. Hypogastric   E. Cardiac

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

41.	Which type of innervation causes pupil dilation? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.03 Explain dual innervation by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. Section: 18.05c Topic: Nervous System

 

42.	Which type of innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.03 Describe the sympathetic function of the adrenal medulla. Section: 18.04c Topic: Nervous System

 

43.	Which type of innervation causes the heart rate to increase? A. Parasympathetic   B. Sympathetic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.03 Describe the sympathetic function of the adrenal medulla. Section: 18.04c Topic: Nervous System

 

44.	Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex? A. Cardiac muscle contraction   B. Smooth muscle contraction   C. Secretion by glands   D. All of the choices are correct   E. None of the choices is correct

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system. Section: 18.05d Topic: Nervous System

 

45.	In the brain, the ________ is the integration and command center for autonomic functions. A. Medulla   B. Cerebral cortex   C. Spinal cord   D. Brainstem   E. Hypothalamus

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system. Section: 18.06 Topic: Nervous System

 

46.	The centers for cardiac, digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the A. Brainstem   B. Hypothalamus   C. Spinal cord   D. Cerebral cortex   E. Cerebellum

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system. Section: 18.06 Topic: Nervous System

 

47.	The parasympathetic autonomic responses associated with defecation and urination are processed and controlled at the level of the A. Brainstem   B. Hypothalamus   C. Spinal cord   D. Cerebellum   E. Limbic center

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system. Section: 18.06 Topic: Nervous System

 

48.	During its embryological development, the autonomic nervous system forms from A. Neural tube cells   B. Neural crest cells   C. Both neural tube cells and neural crest cells

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.07.01 Explain how the autonomic nervous system develops in an embryo. Section: 18.07 Topic: Nervous System

 

49.	The sympathetic trunk begins to form during week A. 4   B. 5   C. 6   D. 8   E. 10

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.07.01 Explain how the autonomic nervous system develops in an embryo. Section: 18.07 Topic: Nervous System

 

50.	The developing heart and lungs begin to receive autonomic innervation in the _______ week of development. A. 4th   B. 5th   C. 6th   D. 10th   E. 16th

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.07.01 Explain how the autonomic nervous system develops in an embryo. Section: 18.07 Topic: Nervous System

 

51.	The number of ganglia that may be associated with motor neurons of the somatic nervous system is A. 1   B. 2   C. 3   D. 4   E. 0

 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective: 18.05.04 Describe how autonomic reflexes help maintain homeostasis. Section: 18.05d Topic: Nervous System

 

52.	This diagram illustrates an example of a(n) A. Spinal nerve pathway   B. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway   C. Adrenal medulla pathway   D. Splanchnic nerve pathway   E. Raynaud nerve pathway

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Figure: 18.08 Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

 

Topic: Nervous System

 

53.	Which of the diagrams illustrates a parasympathetic ANS pathway? A. 1   B. 2

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Figure: 18.04 Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

54.	Which number indicates a postganglionic axon? A. 3   B. 4   C. 5   D. 6   E. 7

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Figure: 18.04 Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

True / False Questions

55.	The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are part of both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

56.	The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

57.	The ANS uses pathways that include two-neuron chains to innervate its effector organs. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.02 Explain how the two-neuron chain facilitates communication and control in the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

58.	Neuronal divergence occurs when axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

59.	Both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems may have sensory input from general somatic senses. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

60.	The somatic nervous system is capable of both the excitation and inhibition of effectors. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

61.	Both types of axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS use norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.02 Compare and contrast the types of neurotransmitters. Section: 18.05b Topic: Nervous System

 

62.	The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also called the craniosacral division. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

63.	The sympathetic division of the ANS is also called the thoracosacral division. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

64.	Terminal and intramural ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

65.	The postganglionic axons of the sympathetic branch of the ANS are considered short. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

66.	With respect to divergence of axons in the sympathetic division of the ANS, one axon innervates fewer than four ganglionic cell bodies. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

67.	Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

68.	Parasympathetic stimulation of the ciliary muscles allows one to see close-up objects. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

69.	Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal glands. TRUE

 

Difficulty: Easy Topic: Nervous System

 

70.	Parasympathetic postganglionic axons from the otic ganglion cause an increase in secretion from the parotid salivary glands. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

71.	Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

72.	The parasympathetic innervation from the pelvic splanchnic nerves is responsible for erection of the female clitoris and the male penis. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

73.	The lack of extensive divergence of parasympathetic preganglionic axons prevents the mass activation seen in the sympathetic division. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

74.	White rami communicantes carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

75.	The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

76.	Sweating is a result of sympathetic stimulation. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.04 Describe how autonomic reflexes help maintain homeostasis. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

77.	Micturition is partly the result of autonomic stimulation of the urinary bladder. TRUE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.04 Describe how autonomic reflexes help maintain homeostasis. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

78.	The ANS functions independently of any influence from the CNS. FALSE

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system. Section: 18.06 Topic: Nervous System

 

Fill in the Blank Questions

79.	The second neuron in an autonomic pathway is called a _________ neuron. ganglionic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS. Section: 18.01 Topic: Nervous System

 

80.	Neuronal __________ occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell. convergence

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

81.	White rami appear white in color due to the fact that they are ___________. myelinated

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

82.	The __________ division of the ANS is most commonly associated with the preparation of the body for emergencies. sympathetic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

83.	Parasympathetic ______________ axons are longer than their counterparts in the sympathetic division. preganglionic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Section: 18.02 Topic: Nervous System

 

84.	In the parasympathetic division, _________ ganglia are located in the wall of the target organ. intramural

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

85.	In the parasympathetic division, _________ ganglia are located close to the target organ. terminal

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03a Topic: Nervous System

 

86.	“Rest and digest,” as well as the maintenance of homeostasis, is associated with the action of the _________ division of the ANS. parasympathetic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.04 Describe how autonomic reflexes help maintain homeostasis. Section: 18.06 Topic: Nervous System

 

87.	The parasympathetic postganglionic axons that travel to the pupillary constrictor muscle result in pupil ________ when the eye is exposed to bright light. constriction

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors. Section: 18.03c Topic: Nervous System

 

88.	The sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed in the _______ horn of the appropriate thoracolumbar regions of the spinal cord. lateral

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

89.	Except for the _______ region of the spinal cord, one sympathetic trunk ganglion is approximately associated with each spinal nerve. cervical

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

90.	_______ rami communicantes carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves. Gray

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

91.	_______ nerves are composed of preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic ganglion. Spanchnic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division. Section: 18.04a Topic: Nervous System

 

92.	The _______ mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the T10-T12 segments of the spinal cord. superior

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

93.	The ________ ganglia differ from the sympathetic trunk ganglia segments in that they are single structures, rather than paired. prevertebral

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves. Section: 18.04b Topic: Nervous System

 

94.	An axon takes the ______ nerve pathway if a preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion. spinal

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division. Section: 18.03b Topic: Nervous System

 

95.	Autonomic _________ are collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons and parasympathetic preganglionic axons, as well as some visceral sensory axons. plexuses

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

96.	The abdominal _______ plexus consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus, and inferior mesenteric plexus. aortic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

97.	Both the cardiac plexus and the _______ plexus consist of postganglionic sympathetic axons from the thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia and preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve. pulmonary

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses. Section: 18.05a Topic: Nervous System

 

98.	All ANS preganglionic axons release _____________ as their neurotransmitter. acetylcholine

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.02 Compare and contrast the types of neurotransmitters. Section: 18.05b Topic: Nervous System

 

99.	The axons that release norepinephrine are called _________. adrenergic

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.02 Compare and contrast the types of neurotransmitters. Section: 18.05b Topic: Nervous System

 

100.	Many visceral effectors have _______ innervation, meaning that they are innervated by postganglionic axons from both ANS divisions. dual

 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 18.05.03 Explain dual innervation by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS. Section: 18.05c Topic: Nervous System

 

 

Chapter 18. Autonomic Nervous System Summary

Category	# of Questions
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember	79
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand	5
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply	12
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze	3
Difficulty: Difficult	7
Difficulty: Easy	80
Difficulty: Medium	13
Figure: 18.04	2
Figure: 18.08	1
Learning Objective: 18.01.01 Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the SNS and the ANS.	7
Learning Objective: 18.01.02 Explain how the two-neuron chain facilitates communication and control in the ANS.	4
Learning Objective: 18.02.01 Compare and contrast the functions and components of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.	10
Learning Objective: 18.03.01 Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic division.	8
Learning Objective: 18.03.02 Explain the relationship of the parasympathetic division to the brain, the cranial nerves, and the sacral spinal cord.	6
Learning Objective: 18.03.03 Identify the effects of parasympathetic innervation on effectors.	6
Learning Objective: 18.04.01 Describe the anatomy of the sympathetic division.	11
Learning Objective: 18.04.02 Explain the relationship of the sympathetic division to the spinal cord and the spinal nerves.	16
Learning Objective: 18.04.03 Describe the sympathetic function of the adrenal medulla.	2
Learning Objective: 18.04.04 Identify the effects of sympathetic innervation on effectors.	3
Learning Objective: 18.05.01 Identify the structure and location of autonomic plexuses.	9
Learning Objective: 18.05.02 Compare and contrast the types of neurotransmitters.	3
Learning Objective: 18.05.03 Explain dual innervation by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS.	2
Learning Objective: 18.05.04 Describe how autonomic reflexes help maintain homeostasis.	4
Learning Objective: 18.06.01 Compare and contrast the CNS hierarchy that controls the autonomic nervous system.	5
Learning Objective: 18.07.01 Explain how the autonomic nervous system develops in an embryo.	3
Section: 18.01	7
Section: 18.02	13
Section: 18.03a	9
Section: 18.03b	1
Section: 18.03c	11
Section: 18.04a	16
Section: 18.04b	12
Section: 18.04c	5
Section: 18.05a	10
Section: 18.05b	3
Section: 18.05c	2
Section: 18.05d	2
Section: 18.06	5
Section: 18.07	3
Topic: Nervous System	101