Description
Introduction to Biotechnology 3rd Edition Thieman Palladino Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0321766113
ISBN-10: 0321766113
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Introduction to Biotechnology, 3e (Thieman)
Chapter 8 DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis
1) Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting evidence to solve a crime?
- A) Francis Crick
- B) Alex Jefferies
- C) Kary Mullis
- D) Colin Pitchfork
- E) Barry Sheck
Answer: B
2) The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene’s ________.
- A) genome
- B) telomere
- C) locus
- D) allele
- E) None of these choices
Answer: C
3) ________ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem repeats.
- A) VNTRs
- B) Microsatellites
- C) Minisatellites
- D) Telomeres
- E) Centromeres
Answer: B
4) Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals are called ________.
- A) STRs
- B) VNTRs
- C) RFLPs
- D) microsatellites
- E) minisatellites
Answer: C
5) Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to separate DNA molecules size?
- A) PCR
- B) RFLP
- C) Chromatography
- D) DNA sequencing
- E) Gel electrophoresis
Answer: E
6) The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ________.
- A) to convict the accused
- B) for paternity testing
- C) to exonerate convicted individuals
- D) for the identification of remains
- E) to study familial inheritance
Answer: C
7) DNA is present in all of the following human cell types except ________.
- A) skin cells
- B) erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
- C) leukocytes (white blood cells)
- D) hair
- E) buccal (cheek) cells
Answer: B
8) Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA molecules are called ________.
- A) primers
- B) probes
- C) RFLPs
- D) STRs
- E) LINES
Answer: B
9) VNTR analysis involves ________.
- A) cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and analyzing the banding pattern of fragments
- B) PCR amplification of specific genes
- C) analyzing specific loci for 2 base repeating units usually less than 100 bp in size
- D) analyzing specific loci for 2 to 4 bp repeating units
- E) None of these choices
Answer: A
10) Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting?
- A) Skin cells
- B) Erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
- C) Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- D) Hair
- E) Buccal (cheek) cells
Answer: B
11) The DNA profiling database maintained the FBI is called ________.
- A) GenBank
- B) the Human Genome Project
- C) CODIS
- D) APHIS
- E) the Innocence Project
Answer: C
12) The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is ________.
- A) the nucleus of the sperm
- B) the nucleus of the egg
- C) the cytoplasm of the sperm
- D) the cytoplasm of the egg
- E) None of these choices
Answer: D
13) Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis?
- A) PCR
- B) RFLP
- C) Genomic DNA
- D) cDNA isolation
- E) Southern blot
Answer: A
14) A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is called a ________.
- A) VNTR
- B) RFLP
- C) STR
- D) HPLC
- E) PCR
Answer: C
15) One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is ________.
- A) reliable technology
- B) sample contamination
- C) electrophoresis errors
- D) RFLP classification
- E) the lack of computer technology
Answer: B
16) The best way to determine paternity is with ________.
- A) an RFLP analysis of the entire genome
- B) a PCR of the X chromosome
- C) a histochemistry workup
- D) Y-chromosome analysis
- E) blood cell analysis
Answer: D
17) The Frye standard is ________.
- A) a method for determining paternity
- B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
- C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
- D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
- E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence
Answer: D
18) The Daubert standard is ________.
- A) a method for determining paternity
- B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
- C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
- D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
- E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence
Answer: E
19) The Coppolino standard is ________.
- A) a method for determining paternity
- B) set to follow federal rules 402, 403, and 404
- C) a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
- D) using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
- E) a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence
Answer: C
20) How many unique STR regions does the FBI use in forensic analysis?
- A) 1
- B) 5
- C) 13
- D) 50
- E) 100+
Answer: C
21) Explain why using 13 STR regions helps the FBI to gain assurance that they have the correct information.
Answer: The more STR sites used, the greater the assurance that the DNA found at the crime scene matches that of the accused. If the FBI used one or two or even five STRs, there would still be a chance that the person accused might not be the crime’s perpetrator. When all 13 “CODIS” sites are used, there is an over 99.9999% chance that the match is exact.
22) How has the invention of forensic science helped with crime-solving?
Answer: Using DNA techniques, law enforcement can use much smaller samples from crime scenes than previously needed for traditional techniques. Forensic analysis provides greater assurances that the criminal has been identified. Blood typing, for example, merely rules someone out; it cannot prove that a match is a certainty.
23) What are some important steps that a forensic technician must follow to minimize evidence contamination?
Answer:
- Wear and change disposable gloves frequently
- Use disposable instruments
- Avoid taking, sneezing, or coughing when handling samples
- Do not touch anything that may contain DNA
- Air-dry evidence
- Store evidence in specially designed bags
