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Kuby Immunology 7th Edition Owen Punt Stranford Test Bank

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Kuby Immunology 7th Edition Owen Punt Stranford Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-1464119910

ISBN-10: 1464119910

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Kuby Immunology 7th Edition Owen Punt Stranford Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-1464119910

ISBN-10: 1464119910

 

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Below you will find some free nursing test bank questions from this test bank:

 

Chapter 19   Cancer and the Immune System

 

 

  1. The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that:

 

  1. benign tumors are capable of metastasis.
  2. malignant tumors do not invade surrounding tissue.
  3. benign tumors are not neoplasms.
  4. malignant tumors are capable of uncontrolled growth.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: D

Section: Terminology and Common Types of Cancer

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Benign means harmless; malignant means harmful.

 

  1. The MOST common kind of cancers are carcinomas, which:

 

  1. are derived from epithelial tissue.
  2. include breast and colon cancer.
  3. include leukemia.
  4. Both a and b
  5. All of the above

 

Answer: C

Section: Terminology and Common Types of Cancer

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Leukemia is not a carcinoma.

 

  1. Metastasis is NOT which of the following?

 

  1. A property of benign tumors
  2. Invasion of new sites by tumor cells
  3. The production of secondary tumors
  4. A property of malignant tumors
  5. Extremely dangerous

 

Answer: A

Section: Terminology and Common Types of Cancer

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Dislodging and invasion are very dangerous.

 

  1. Hematopoietic tumors include all but which of the following?

 

  1. Lung cancer
  2. Leukemia
  3. Lymphoma
  4. Myeloma
  5. These are all hematopoietic tumors.

 

Answer: A

Section: Terminology and Common Types of Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Lung cancer is a carcinoma.

 

  1. While leukemias used to be defined according to speed of onset, now they are defined as:

 

  1. acute and chronic, where chronic is longer lasting.
  2. acute and chronic, where chronic involves less mature cells.
  3. acute and chronic, where chronic involves more mature cells.
  4. lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves lymphocytes.
  5. lymphocytic or myelogenous, where lymphocytic involves any white blood cell.

 

Answer: C

Section: Terminology and Common Types of Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Acute leukemias are derived from immature cells.

 

  1. Malignant transformation of cells usually means that they:

 

  1. grow in a density independent fashion.
  2. have reduced dependence on growth factors.
  3. are not anchorage dependent.
  4. Both A and B.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Malignant Transformation of Cells

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Consider the normal requirements for growth of cells; malignant cells obviate almost all of those.

 

  1. Carcinogens are NOT:

 

  1. agents that induce DNA mutations.
  2. agents that induce transformation.
  3. energy such as ionizing radiation.
  4. viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus.
  5. chemicals such as formaldehyde.

 

Answer: D

Section: Malignant Transformation of Cells

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Carcinogens are abiotic factors.

 

  1. Oncogenes:

 

  1. were originally discovered in viruses.
  2. have been found to be normal parts of cellular function.
  3. often regulate cell growth.
  4. are mutated or disregulated in cancer.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Malignant Transformation of Cells

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Rous sarcoma virus was the first agent found to cause cancer.

 

  1. Tumor-suppressor genes are NOT:

 

  1. normally regulating cell growth.
  2. called anti-oncogenes.
  3. causes of cancer when they become inactive.
  4. causes of cancer when they become activated.
  5. Both A and C.

 

Answer: D

Section: Malignant Transformation of Cells

Difficulty: 2

Hint: The normal function of tumor suppressors is to restrict cell division.

 

  1. Hallmarks of tumor transformation include all of the following EXCEPT:

 

  1. growth-factor independence.
  2. dependence of tumor suppressors.
  4. evasion of apoptotic signals.
  5. All of these are hallmarks of tumor transformation.

 

Answer: C

Section: Malignant Transformation of Cells

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis are both necessary.

 

  1. Most tumor antigens:

 

  1. are products of viruses.
  2. target the tumor for immune recognition.
  3. are not recognized as self antigens.
  4. are oncogene products.
  5. Both B and C.

 

Answer: D

Section: Tumor Antigens

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Tumors are self tissues.

 

  1. T cells can recognize tumor antigens from each of the following classes, EXCEPT for:

 

  1. antigens encoded by genes exclusively expressed by tumors (e.g., viral genes).
  2. antigens encoded by variant forms of normal genes that are altered by mutation.
  3. antigens that are expressed at lower than normal levels.
  4. antigens normally expressed only at certain stages of development.
  5. antigens that are overexpressed in particular tumors.

 

Answer: C

Section: Tumor Antigens

Difficulty: 1

Hint: T-cell recognition depends on protein production, not its absence or reduction.

 

  1. Tumor-specific antigens:

 

  1. trigger T-cell killing of the tumor.
  2. can be difficult to identify.
  3. are strongly selected against by the immune system.
  4. Both A and B.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Tumor Antigens

Difficulty: 1

Hint: If the tumor cells are killed, what survives are those that are not targeted.

 

  1. Tumor-associated antigens:

 

  1. are not normal cellular proteins.
  2. are viral proteins.
  3. have abnormal expression patterns.
  4. Both A and B.
  5. All of the above

 

Answer: C

Section: Tumor Antigens

Difficulty: 2

Hint: These are up-regulated genes.

 

  1. Alpha-feto protein (AFP) is:

 

  1. normally expressed by embryos.
  2. normal for pregnant women.
  3. expressed aberrantly by some cancers.
  4. Both A and C.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Tumor Antigens

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Liver cancer can express AFP.

 

  1. The immune system does NOT control cancer with which of the following mechanisms?

 

  1. Elimination of transforming viruses
  2. Elimination of tumor inflammation
  3. Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells
  4. Induction of anergy in cancer cells
  5. It uses all of these mechanisms.

 

Answer: D

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Anergy is a mechanism of tolerance induction.

 

  1. The theory that the immune system actively monitors and eliminates cancer cells is supported by the observation that:

 

  1. AIDS patients have higher rates of some types of cancer than other populations.
  2. transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy have higher rates of some types of cancer than other populations.
  3. patients who are deficient in adenosine deaminase and on immunosuppressive therapy have higher rates of some types of cancer than other populations.
  4. Both A and B.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: D

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: ADA deficiency has not yet been linked to cancer.

 

  1. Immunoediting does NOT:

 

  1. lead to more aggressive tumors by natural selection.
  2. lead to elimination of tumor cells.
  3. consist of elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
  4. extend over a period of several to many years.
  5. Actually, it does all of these.

 

Answer: E

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Elimination of some tumor cells leads to natural selection of others.

 

  1. Variability in the immune response to cancer leads to observations that:

 

  1. NK cells and dendritic cells can control cancer cells directly.
  2. NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a helper T-cell response to control cancer.
  3. NK cells and dendritic cells can activate a cytotoxic T-cell response to control cancer.
  4. Th17 cells can activate a response to control cancer.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: C

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Cancer cells have to evade induction of apoptosis.

 

  1. A key role for natural killer cells in controlling cancer is NOT supported by the:

 

  1. observation that NK-deficient mice have higher than normal rates of sarcoma development.
  2. observation that NK cells can kill cancer cells in vitro.
  3. observation that many tumors down-regulate MHC genes, including NK receptors.
  4. observation that cellular stress up-regulates many NK receptors.
  5. All of these support the role.

 

Answer: D

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: NK cells kill targets that lack the appropriate signal molecules.

 

  1. Responses of the immune system that can promote cancer include all of the following EXCEPT:

 

  1. chronic inflammation.
  2. inhibition of Th1 responses.
  3. myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).
  4. CTL activation.
  5. All of these promote cancer.

 

Answer: D

Section: The Immune Response to Cancer

Difficulty: 2

Hint: CTLs can control tumor growth.

 

  1. Immunotherapy designed to target B-cell lymphoma with a monoclonal antibody is easier to administer than other immunotherapies because:

 

  1. the lymphoma is more prone to apoptosis.
  2. an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody won’t target bystander cells.
  3. the lymphoma is able to conduct class switching.
  4. the lymphoma is localized to specific organs.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: B

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Lymphomas will have unique antigen receptors.

 

  1. Immunotoxins work by:

 

  1. inducing apoptosis in the target cells.
  2. recruiting complement to kill the target cells.
  3. delivering chemicals specifically to the target cells.
  4. recruiting NK cells.
  5. None of the above.

 

Answer: C

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Toxins are chemical in nature.

 

  1. Cytokine treatment of cancer has proven problematic because:

 

  1. cytokines can show in vivo toxicity.
  2. dosages are very hard to control properly.
  3. cytokines can regulate the production of other cytokines.
  4. cytokines exert effects on a large number of target cells.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy

Difficulty: 1

Hint: Cytokines are great when applied to specific target cells; therapeutic use isn’t like that.

 

  1. The use of tumor-specific T cells re-introduced to patients requires all of the following EXCEPT:

 

  1. tumor-specific cells being isolated.
  2. tumor-specific cells being activated in order to overcome tumor-induced anergy.
  3. the patient being lymphodepleted to facilitate re-introduction.
  4. tumor-specific cells being depleted of autoreactive clones.
  5. All of these steps are required.

 

Answer: D

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy

Difficulty: 2

Hint: Tumors can survive by inducing anergy in responsive cells.

 

  1. Manipulation of costimulatory signals has potential to treat tumors because:

 

  1. tumors that do not provide costimulation induce anergy instead.
  2. it is relatively easy to isolate and introduce genes to tumor cells.
  3. modified tumors with increased costimulatory activity can be reintroduced to patients.
  4. blockage of CTLA-4 on tumors will increase T-cell activation.
  5. All of the above.

 

Answer: E

Section: Cancer Immunotherapy

Difficulty: 2

Hint: In order to survive, tumors have to down-modulate positive costimulation, or up-regulate negative costimulation.

 

 

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