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Lifespan Development 6th Edition Boyd Bee Test Bank

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Lifespan Development 6th Edition Boyd Bee Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-0205037520

ISBN-10: 0205037526

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Lifespan Development 6th Edition Boyd Bee Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-0205037520

ISBN-10: 0205037526

 

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Test Bank

Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1)  Holding a pencil to write or draw requires which of the following?

  1. A) Gross motor skills
  2. B) Locomotion
  3. C) Grappling skills
  4. D) Fine motor skills

Answer: D

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.1

 

2)  Dr. Sarrett is giving five-year-old Teesa a pre-kindergarten physical examination. When Dr. Sarrett asks Teesa to jump up and down and hop on one leg, what is the Doctor testing?

  1. A) Fine motor skills
  2. B) Gross motor skills
  3. C) Habituation response
  4. D) Intersensory integration

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.1

 

3)  During the preschool years, parents can expect their children to gain how many inches in height each year?

  1. A) 2-3 inches
  2. B) About an inch
  3. C) 1/2 – 1 inch
  4. D) 1-2 inches

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.1

 

4)  Preschoolers gain an average of how many pounds per year?

  1. A) 2
  2. B) 3
  3. C) 4
  4. D) 6

Answer: D

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.1

 

5)  Which of the following activities would a two-year-old be LEAST able to do?

  1. A) Hold a pencil between thumb and forefinger in the proper position for writing
  2. B) Run across the room with arms outstretched to a parent
  3. C) Pull a wagon up and down the sidewalk
  4. D) Turn the pages of a story book

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.1

 

6)  Olive is four years old. She would be able to participate in which of the following activities?

  1. A) throwing and catching a ball
  2. B) playing hopscotch
  3. C) skipping using alternating feet
  4. D) playing complex piano sonatas using alternating hands

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.1

 

7)  At what age is a child typically able to run easily, climb on furniture unaided, pick up small objects, and throw a small ball while standing?

  1. A) 18-24 months
  2. B) 2-3 years
  3. C) 3-4 years
  4. D) 4-5 years

Answer: B

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.1

 

8)  At what age can the average child begin to draw differentiated figures?

  1. A) 24 months
  2. B) 30 months
  3. C) 36 months
  4. D) 46 months

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 157

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.1

 

9)  According to your text, early childhood is a period of optimum growth and maturation for which part of the brain?

  1. A) The parasympathetic nervous system
  2. B) The corpus callosum
  3. C) Synapses
  4. D) The sympathetic nervous system

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 157

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

10)  Which of the following terms describes when the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization?

  1. A) Lateralization
  2. B) Myelinization
  3. C) Functionalization
  4. D) Domination

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 157

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

11)  According to neuroscientists, what is the primary determinant of which functions will or will not be lateralized?

  1. A) Social experiences
  2. B) Physical experiences
  3. C) Genes
  4. D) The hippocampus

Answer: C

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

12)  What is the developmental process that is the impetus behind brain lateralization?

  1. A) Having diverse social experiences
  2. B) Learning and using language
  3. C) Practicing locomotor, nonlocomotor, and manipulative skills
  4. D) Socialization in social and cultural norms

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

13)  Which of the following brain structures regulates attention and concentration?

  1. A) Reticular formation
  2. B) Hippocampus
  3. C) Cerebral cortex
  4. D) Hypothalamus

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

14)  Infantile amnesia is most likely due to which of the following?

  1. A) Growth of the corpus callosum
  2. B) Maturation of the connections between the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex
  3. C) Massive pruning of the synapses in the hippocampus
  4. D) Lateralization of the right hemisphere

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

15)  A friend tells you that he has very vivid memories of an event that happened when they were two years old.  Which of the following statements is probably true regarding this recollection?

  1. A) It may actually be a result of verbal recollections and story telling from adults in his life.
  2. B) Memories of events that were laid down in the brain prior to age 3 are usually accurate and complete.
  3. C) Theories of infantile amnesia would likely support your friend’s recollections.
  4. D) Research has shown that approximately 50% of adults can accurately and completely recall memories prior to age 3.

Answer: D

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.2

 

16)  Approximately what percentage of people world-wide are left-handed?

  1. A) 14%
  2. B) 26%
  3. C) 45%
  4. D) 50%

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

17)  Recent research supports the theory that handedness is the result of  which of the following?

  1. A) Social experiences
  2. B) Physical experiences
  3. C) Cultural norms
  4. D) Genetics

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

18)  Which of the following is true regarding nutrition during the early childhood years?

  1. A) Food aversions often develop during the preschool years.
  2. B) If a child seems to have no appetite, it is important to tempt the child to eat by providing sweets or other preferred food.
  3. C) Young children eat more nutritiously than babies do.
  4. D) Most children consume the majority of their daily calories by eating regular meals.

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 159

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.3

 

19)  What percentage of children in the U.S. are at risk of being overweight by the time they start school?

  1. A) 8%
  2. B) 12%
  3. C) 16%
  4. D) 25%

Answer: C

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 159

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.3

 

20)  Which of the following is a suggestion made by pediatricians to help children develop effective bedtime practices?

  1. A) Allow the child to sleep with the parents on occasion.
  2. B) Eliminate transitional objects that have been reserved for bedtime.
  3. C) All children under age 13 should be in bed by 6 pm
  4. D) Provide the child with a structured, predictable daytime schedule.

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 159

Topic: Developmental Science at Home

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.3

 

21)  What does your book suggest about children’s eating habits?

  1. A) If a child shows little appetite, allow him to eat his favorite foods for a while — even if they are sweets.
  2. B) Parents should set a regular pattern for meals and insist the child eat everything on her plate as a way of trying new things.
  3. C) Parents of young children should keep a daily food diary until the child is about 3 years old.
  4. D) Allow the child’s appetite to guide to how much food he eats.

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.3

 

22)  Which of the following children tend to be more prone to illness?

  1. A) Those who are less physically active
  2. B) Those who have difficult temperaments
  3. C) Those who live in stressful conditions
  4. D) Those who have insecure attachment

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.3

 

23)  Parents can expect their pre-schoolers to get a cold

  1. A) 1-2 times a year.
  2. B) 3-4 times a year.
  3. C) 4-5 times a year.
  4. D) 6-7 times a year.

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.3

 

24)  What  is the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children in the United States?

  1. A) Child abuse
  2. B) Congenital diseases
  3. C) Macronutrient malnutrition
  4. D) Accidents

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.3

 

25)  Which of the following is correct with regard to child abuse in the United States?

  1. A) There are clearly defined criteria for what constitutes parental neglect or abuse.
  2. B) There are laws requiring that child abuse be reported to the authorities.
  3. C) There is a general consensus across cultures on what constitutes maltreatment of children.
  4. D) There is often a tendency to assume parents are the abusers.

Answer: B

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.4

 

26)  In the United States, most cases of child abuse involve which of the following?

  1. A) Sexual abuse
  2. B) Abandonment
  3. C) Neglect
  4. D) Physical injuries

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 161

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.4

 

27)  Which of the following is an example of a socio-cultural influence that could make physical abuse of children more likely?

  1. A) The belief that children have rights
  2. B) Social norms for humane treatment of children
  3. C) The belief that children are property
  4. D) Stressful employment conditions

Answer: C

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 161

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.4

 

28)  Stephen was abused before being placed in foster care.  He frequently has nightmares about the abuse and even has flashbacks of the abuse during the day.  He has difficulty concentrating at school and is falling behind academically.  From which of the following is Stephen likely suffering?

  1. A) Generalized anxiety disorder
  2. B) Child neglect and abuse syndrome
  3. C) Depression
  4. D) Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 161

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.4

 

29)  Which of the following characteristics increases the risk that a child would be abused?

  1. A) Being taller and heavier than age peers
  2. B) Having higher intelligence
  3. C) Having a high activity level
  4. D) Having a difficult temperament

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 161

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.4

 

30)  Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of child abuse?

  1. A) Parental depression
  2. B) Full-time employment
  3. C) Higher intelligence in the child
  4. D) Families with only one child

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 161

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.4

 

31)  According to Piaget, at about age two, children begin to use which of the following in their thinking?

  1. A) Abstractions
  2. B) Symbols
  3. C) Operations
  4. D) Comparisons

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

32)  The understanding that one object or behavior can represent another defines which of the following functions?

  1. A) Symbiotic
  2. B) Semiotic
  3. C) Abstract
  4. D) Objective

Answer: B

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.5

 

33)  When Mickey was five, he gave his mother a dead frog for her birthday.  Mickey didn’t understand why his mother didn’t like her gift, because he thought the frog was cool.  This represents what type of thinking?

  1. A) Egocentric
  2. B) Polygenic
  3. C) Arbitrary
  4. D) Abstract

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.5

 

34)  Which of Piaget’s stages is characterized by symbolic representation and egocentrism?

  1. A) Postformal
  2. B) Formal operational
  3. C) Sensorimotor
  4. D) Preoperational

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.5

 

35)  Darius holds his hairbrush to his mouth and sings as if the hairbrush is a microphone. This is an example of what type of play?

  1. A) Associative
  2. B) First pretend
  3. C) Substitute pretend
  4. D) Abstract

Answer: C

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.5

 

36)  All of the children on Hazel Street have spent the morning building a tree house from scraps of wood and other building materials acquired from a nearby construction site. This is an example of

  1. A) sensorimotor play.
  2. B) substitute pretend play.
  3. C) sociodramatic play.
  4. D) constructive play.

Answer: D

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.5

 

37)  Sylvia loves to play with her toy telephone. When she holds the receiver to her face and calls “Hi!”, she is engaging in which type of play?

  1. A) Sensorimotor
  2. B) First pretend play
  3. C) Substitute pretend play
  4. D) Rule-governed play

Answer: B

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.5

 

38)  Which of the following is a type of play that demonstrates cognitive development consistent with the stages identified by Piaget?

  1. A) Isolatory play
  2. B) Substitute pretend play
  3. C) Enigmatic play
  4. D) Creative exploratory play

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.5

 

39)  At about what age do children begin to prefer rule-governed or formal games?

  1. A) By age two
  2. B) By age three or four
  3. C) By age five or six
  4. D) From nine to twelve years of age

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

40)  Which of the following is true according to Piaget’s concept of conservation?

  1. A) The ability rarely occurs before age nine.
  2. B) The ability requires the ability to see the perspective of others.
  3. C) It means that a child will not be fooled by an apparent change in volume if water is poured from a short, wide glass into a taller, thinner glass.
  4. D) It requires the ability to mentally manipulate symbolic external characteristics in the absence of visual cues.

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 164

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

41)  Which of the following best describes centration?

  1. A) When a child focuses only on one aspect of a problem or situation at a time.
  2. B) When the child believes that everyone else thinks and feels as they do.
  3. C) When the child understands that an object’s quantity remains the same even if its shape changes.
  4. D) When the child believes that they are the center of the family.

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 164

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

42)  A set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people’s ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviors is known by which of the following?

  1. A) Perspective
  2. B) Theory of mind
  3. C) Metacognition
  4. D) Meta-awareness

Answer: B

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 166

Topic: Theories of Mind

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.7

 

43)  Bryce and Tracy made their parents “breakfast” using the plastic food that came with their toy kitchen play center.  They giggled because they knew their parents would be fooled until they tried to pick up the fake food.  Their understanding that their parents would figure out the game when they had the plates in their hands is because Bryce and Tracy both understand

  1. A) the false belief principle.
  2. B) conservation.
  3. C) centration.
  4. D) egocentrism.

Answer: A

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 166

Topic: Theories of Mind

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.7

 

44)  In the studies by Flavell (1999), children were presented with a box on which there were pictures of candy.  Three and four-year-old children believed that the box contained candy.  The children saw that the box contained crayons once it was opened. The three-year-old believed that other children would believe that the box contained crayons instead of candy.  This demonstrates which principle?

  1. A) The theory of mind
  2. B) The false belief principle
  3. C) Underdevelopment of short-term memory
  4. D) Conservation

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 166

Topic: Theories of Mind

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.7

45)  Knowledge of words such as want, need, and think is associated with the development of

  1. A) the theory of mind.
  2. B) conservation.
  3. C) sensorimotor skills.
  4. D) centration.

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 166

Topic: Theories of Mind

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.7

 

46)  According to Case, working memory is also known as which of the following?

  1. A) Metamemory
  2. B) Short-term storage space
  3. C) Mid-range memory
  4. D) operational memory

Answer: B

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 167

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

47)  According to Case’s neo-Piagetian explanation of children’s cognitive development, the key limitation in the cognitive ability of a younger child, compared to an older child, is the younger child’s

  1. A) less operationally efficient short-term storage space for handling cognitive schemes.
  2. B) fewer and less diverse educational and social experiences.
  3. C) greater egocentrism.
  4. D) undeveloped theory of mind.

Answer: A

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 167

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.8

 

48)  Which of the following refers to a child’s ability to think about or evaluate the quality of her thinking?

  1. A) Critical thinking
  2. B) Intelligence
  3. C) Metacognition
  4. D) Operational efficiency

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

49)  What is the term which describes the ability to control and reflect on your own memory functions?

  1. A) Metamemory
  2. B) Abstract thinking
  3. C) Metacognition
  4. D) Semantic memory construction

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

50)  Evan is getting ready for bed.  He knows that he must brush his teeth before putting on his pajamas.  What is Evan demonstrating?

  1. A) A script
  2. B) Procedural memory
  3. C) Short-term memory
  4. D) Working memory

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.8

 

51)  Which of the following is a stage in cognitive development from birth to age seven, according to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development?

  1. A) Expressive stage
  2. B) Conservation stage
  3. C) Altruistic stage
  4. D) Egocentric speech stage

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 169

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

52)  A three-year-old child who uses language as a guide to solving problems, such as saying “Put it there” to himself as he builds a tower of blocks, is using which of the following?

  1. A) Egocentric scaffolding
  2. B) Naive psychology
  3. C) Social speech
  4. D) Private speech

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 169

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.8

 

53)  According to Vygotsky, in which stage do infants learn through conditioning, until language begins to develop during the second year?

  1. A) Private speech stage
  2. B) Primitive stage
  3. C) Sociocultural stage
  4. D) Naive psychology stage

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 169

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

54)  Which of the following terms defines the ability to link new words to real world referents?

  1. A) Constructive thinking
  2. B) Concrete linguistics
  3. C) Referential abstracting
  4. D) Fast-mapping

Answer: D

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 170

Topic: Fast-Mapping

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.9

 

55)  Approximately how many words will the average 30 month-old child have in their vocabulary?

  1. A) 250
  2. B) 400
  3. C) 500
  4. D) 600

Answer: D

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 170

Topic: Fast-Mapping

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.9

 

56)  What is the drive that leads to the grammar explosion in children?

  1. A) Neural development
  2. B) Parent coaching
  3. C) Word learning
  4. D) Spelling bees

Answer: C

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 170

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.10

 

57)  Inflections appearing in the form of adding “ing” to words are common among

  1. A) 2 1/2 to 3 year olds.
  2. B) 3 to 4 year olds.
  3. C) 3 1/2 to 5 year olds.
  4. D) 2 year olds.

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 170

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.10

 

58)  The use of verb forms or verb tenses (such as eating or ate from the verb eat) defines which of the following?

  1. A) Holophrases
  2. B) Inflections
  3. C) Generalization
  4. D) Appropriate extension

Answer: B

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 170

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.10

 

59)  Which of the following best represents the earliest inflection used among children learning English, according to Roger Brown?

  1. A) “Come in.”
  2. B) “I ran.”
  3. C) “Doggie running.”
  4. D) “A cat.”

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 170

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.10

 

60)  When Simon says, “My hamster runned away,” he is using

  1. A) extended word meaning.
  2. B) overregularization.
  3. C) overextension of class.
  4. D) dialogic meaning.

Answer: B

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 171

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.10

 

61)  When children have learned a basic rule of language, such as how to form a plural or a past tense, and then begin to apply the rule when it seems correct, even though it is incorrect, what are they doing?

  1. A) Overextending grammar
  2. B) Overregularizing
  3. C) Inflecting
  4. D) Generalizing

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 171

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.10

 

62)  Which of the following terms describes a child’s sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to his language?

  1. A) Dialogic sensitivity
  2. B) Operational efficiency
  3. C) Phonological awareness
  4. D) Semantic acuity

Answer: C

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 171

Topic: Phonological Awareness

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.11

 

63)  Which of the following activities would help a child develop phonological awareness?

  1. A) Memorization
  2. B) Listening to an adult speak a foreign language
  3. C) Dialogic reading
  4. D) Speaking a second language

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 171

Topic: Phonological Awareness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.11

 

64)  Which of the following is true regarding invented spelling?

  1. A) Children who use it before beginning formal schooling are more likely to become good spellers and readers later in childhood.
  2. B) Children should be discouraged from using it before they begin formal schooling.
  3. C) Children who use it are likely to develop learning disabilities.
  4. D) Children who use it too early are likely to be poor spellers throughout their lives.

Answer: A

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 171-172

Topic: Phonological Awareness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.11

 

65)  How is the intelligence quotient calculated?

  1. A) CA/MA X 1
  2. B) MA/CA x 100%
  3. C) CA/MA x 100
  4. D) MA/CA x 100

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 172

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

66)  Approximately what percentage of children will score within the average range of IQ testing?

  1. A) 20%
  2. B) 37%
  3. C) 67%
  4. D) 85%

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

67)  Children whose IQ scores are below ________ are often referred to as retarded, and those who score above ________ are often called gifted.

  1. A) 75; 130
  2. B) 70 and who have problems with adaptive behavior; 130
  3. C) 70; 130 and show overt creativity
  4. D) 50; 100

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

68)  The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-III) is divided into which two subgroups?

  1. A) Aptitude scale and ability scale
  2. B) Verbal scale and performance scale
  3. C) Mathematics and reading/language
  4. D) Qualitative and quantitative

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

69)  Jona is taking a test which measures how efficiently he processes information.  What type of scale is being used?

  1. A) Processing-speed scale
  2. B) Verbal scale
  3. C) Working memory scale
  4. D) Language scale

Answer: A

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.12

 

70)  Which of the following is correct regarding the correlation between children’s test scores and their current or later grades in school?

  1. A) There is a weak correlation; about .10 to .20
  2. B) There is a negative and moderate correlation; about -.30 to -.40
  3. C) There is a strong positive correlation; about .50 to .60
  4. D) There is a nearly perfect correlation; about .95 to 1.00

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.12

 

71)  Which of the following statements about the stability of children’s IQ scores is correct?

  1. A) Many children show little or no fluctuation in their IQ scores.
  2. B) Younger children often seem more intelligent than they are, and IQ scores on later tests typically fluctuate downward to a more accurate stable level.
  3. C) IQ scores do not fluctuate as a result of stresses, such as parental divorce, change in schools, or birth of a sibling.
  4. D) IQ scores are quite stable with correlations between year-to-year IQ scores in middle childhood typically in the range of .80.

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 174

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.12

 

72)  Researchers who have analyzed IQ scores of adopted twins have found that identical twins are more like one another in IQ than fraternal twins are. They also have found that IQs of adopted children are more strongly correlated with the IQs of their biological parents than with the IQs of their adoptive parents. These research results suggest

  1. A) that environment has no impact upon IQ.
  2. B) that intelligence has a genetic component.
  3. C) that a child’s intellectual capacity is fixed at birth.
  4. D) that a child’s biological heritage predicts her lifetime patterns of achievement and accomplishment.

Answer: B

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 174

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

 

73)  Which of the following is NOT a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQs?

  1. A) Talking to their children often
  2. B) Appropriately smiling and responding warmly to the child’s behavior
  3. C) Providing a stimulating environment
  4. D) Using computer games as part of their teaching repertoire

Answer: D

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 175

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

 

74)  Research shows which of the following to be true regarding children who are enrolled in Head Start or a similar enriched preschool program?

  1. A) They show no gains or positive effects beyond first grade as a result of their experiences.
  2. B) They are more likely to form secure attachment with teachers and other school officials.
  3. C) They are more likely to achieve in school and to graduate from high school.
  4. D) They lose any gains made by the time they reach third grade.

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 175

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

 

75)  Which of the following is a factual statement about racial differences in IQ test scores in the United States?

  1. A) African American children consistently score approximately 25 points lower than white children on IQ tests.
  2. B) Chinese and Japanese children consistently have higher scores on achievement tests, particularly the math and science sections of the tests.
  3. C) Differences between African American and other children are apparent in infant measures of intelligence or on measures of habituation, but become apparent by the time children are two to three years old.
  4. D) The size of the difference in IQ scores between African American and white children is steadily increasing.

Answer: B

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 176

Topic: Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.14

 

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1)  Dr. Robinson is giving five-year-old Deion a pre-kindergarten physical examination. When Dr. Robinson asks Deion to draw a picture of his house, Deion’s ________ are being assessed.

Answer: fine motor skills

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.1

 

2)  When the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization, it is called ________.

Answer: lateralization

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 157

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

3)  Left handedness accounts for ________% of the population.

Answer: 14

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

4)  In the United States, the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children is ________.

Answer: accidents

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Health and Wellness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.3

 

5)  In the United States, most cases of child abuse involve ________ injuries.

Answer: physical

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.4

 

6)  According to Piaget, at about age two, children begin to use ________ in their thinking.

Answer: symbols

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

7)  The inability to consider the perspective of others is called ________.

Answer: egocentrism

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

8)  Susie and Sally and their cousins Samuel and Stanley are playing “wedding.” They are using lace curtains for the bride’s dress, and each person has a role to play. This is an example of ________ play.

Answer: sociodramatic

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Applied

Objective: N/A

 

9)  The ability to control and reflect on your own memory functions is called ________.

Answer: metamemory

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

10)  ________ are the actual objects and events that we use words to represent.

Answer: Referents

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 170

Topic: Fast-Mapping

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.9

 

11)  When Simon says, “My hamster runned away,” he is using ________.

Answer: overregularization

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 171

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.10

 

12)   ________ is considered to be the average IQ.

Answer: 100

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 172

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

13)  According to your text, despite strong genetic influences, an individual’s IQ score can vary within  its ________, depending on environmental influences.

Answer: reaction range

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 176

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

 

14)  Flynn argues that many theorists neglect to include ________ beliefs when they claim a genetic predisposition for intelligence.

Answer: cultural

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 177

Topic: Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.14

 

Short Answer Questions

1)  Give five examples of gross motor skills which should be developed by the age of five years.

Answer: possibilities are many but may include: running, jumping, hopping, galloping, climbing, skipping

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 156

Topic: Growth and Motor Development

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.1

 

2)  What is the basic function of the corpus callosum?

Answer: communication between hemispheres of the brain

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 157

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.2

 

3)  What is the major milestone in communication that occurs during Piaget’s preoperational stage?

Answer: the ability to use symbols in thinking and communicating

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 162

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

4)  Define constructive play.

Answer: the use of objects to build or construct things

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

5)  You give a three-year-old child a large plastic canister with pictures of blocks on it.  The child shakes the canister and it rattles, but when she opens it she finds that it contains large beads.  What will the child assume about the expectations of the next person who receives the canister?  What is this phenomenon called?

Answer: false belief principle: the child will believe that the next person will believe that the canister contains beads even though there are pictures of blocks on it

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 166

Topic: Theories of Mind

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.7

 

6)  Define the terms short-term storage space and operational efficiency.

Answer: According to Case, STSS is the child’s working memory; OE is the maximum number of schemes that can be put into STSS

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 167

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.8

 

7)  If a child follows a certain procedure each morning when they get out of bed, what are they using?

Answer: scripts

Diff: 1     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.8

 

8)  Who coined the term zone of proximal development and what does it mean?

Answer: Vygotsky; it is a time period during which a child is primed to learn a certain activity

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 168

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.8

 

9)  Define the concept of inflections.  What is the most common inflection that English-speaking children will use first?

Answer: Inflections are added at the end of words to change their meaning; ing is the most common

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 170

Topic: The Grammar Explosion

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.10

 

10)  What are the behaviors which may correlate with IQ scores at the low end of normal?  How strong is this correlation?

Answer: delinquency in adolescence; adult illiteracy; criminal behavior; the correlation is moderately strong

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 174

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.13

 

11)  What type of studies are of the greatest values in testing whether or not a behavior is genetically influenced?

Answer: twin studies, especially with identical twins separated at birth

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 174

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

12)  Define the concept of reaction range.

Answer: the genetic range which establishes upper and lower boundaries for traits or behaviors

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 176

Topic: Origins of Individual Differences in Intelligence

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.13

 

13)  How do IQ scores of young children differ from those of older children or adults?

Answer: They tend to be less stable.

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 178

Topic: No Easy Answers

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: N/A

 

Essay Questions

1)  Explain infantile amnesia, its causes and characteristics

Answer: This refers to the inability of most people to remember events that happened prior to the age of 3 years; it occurs because of maturation and myelination of the connections between the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 158

Topic: The Brain and Nervous System

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

2)  List and explain five bedtime practices that parents can use to condition a child to sleep in their own bed.

Answer: provide the child with a structured, predictable daytime schedule and stick to it; set a regular bedtime which allows for 8 – 10 hours of sleep; discontinue daytime naps if the child has difficulty falling asleep or awakens too early; establish a routine of “settling activities” such as a bath, reading a book, goodnight kiss, etc.; provide the child with a transitional object such as a doll or stuffed animal which is reserved for bedtime

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 159

Topic: Developmental Science at Home

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.2

 

3)  Identify the sociocultural factors which may contribute to child abuse.

Answer: cultures which view children as property; cultures which believe that there are no moral limits regarding the parents’ behavior toward the child; general acceptance that extreme punishment is not abuse

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 160

Topic: Abuse and Neglect

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.4

 

4)  Summarize key features of the developmental sequences of children’s play from one year to six years of age, as discussed in your text.

Answer: Constructive play: building or constructing things from objects

First pretend play: use of symbols or pretending to use objects that aren’t really there

Substitute pretend play: the use of objects to represent other objects

Sociodramatic play: imitating other people in imaginary play

Rule-governed play: formal game playing with rules

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 163

Topic: Research Report

Skill: Factual

Objective: N/A

 

5)  Identify and describe Vygotsky’s stages of cognitive development from birth to age 7.

Answer: primitive stage = mental processes similar to those of lower animals; child learns primarily through conditioning until language develops in the 2nd year; naive psychology stage = use of language but lacking understand of its symbolic characteristics; private speech stage = language used as a guide to solve problems; ingrowth stage = internalization of speech routines acquired from older children and adults in the world around them and interaction with the physical world

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 168-169

Topic: Alternative Theories of Early Childhood Thinking

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.8

 

6)  Why should parents be concerned about their child’s phonological awareness? How can parents help their child develop phonological awareness?

Answer: Phonological awareness is the child’s sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to their acquired language(s); studies show that greater phonological awareness before starting formal education correlates with greater reading and speaking ability when a child starts formal education.

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 171

Topic: Phonological Awareness

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.11

 

7)  Explain the normal curve as it relates to IQ scores.  What is the range of normal to abnormal IQ scores?

Answer: The normal curve uses standard deviations to demonstrate the distribution of IQ scores.  67% – 68% of people fall in the majority (the “normal”) range of IQ which is between 70 and 130.

Diff: 2     Page Ref: 173

Topic: Measuring Intelligence

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.12

 

8)  Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of IQ testing.

Answer: The research indicates that IQ testing is useful in children who are showing signs of learning problems or disabilities; the use of routine IQ testing of all children is not helpful because of the instability of the scores in young children and the labeling phenomenon that happens when parents and teachers are aware of their childrens’ IQ scores; children are treated differently based on their IQ scores

Diff: 3     Page Ref: 178

Topic: No Easy Answers

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: N/A

 

MyDevelopmentLab Essay Questions

1)  Apply at least three theoretical concepts to the behaviors and characteristics of the victim portrayed in the video.

Answer: There are many behaviors and traits that can be discussed here:

– the paradox of the child loving the abuser and not wanting him to leave

– the repression and suppression of the memories and pretending that it isn’t happening or didn’t happen, also the secret-keeping

– maternal enabling of the behavior through her own  denial and intentional or non intentional support of the perpetrator

– PTSD flashbacks, fears of her wedding night, concerns about intimacy, loss of trust, etc.

Diff: 3     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Watch: Child Abuse: Mandatory Reporting

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.4

 

MyDevelopmentLab Study Plan Questions

1)  As children’s motor skills develop and change, their gross motor skills show signs of ___________________, allowing them to perform behaviors without having to think about them.

Answer: automaticity

Diff: 3     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Watch: The Growing Child

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.1

 

2)  Walking, running, and skipping become more fluid as the activity levels peak between the ages of _________.

Answer: 2-3

Diff: 2     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Watch: The Growing Child

Skill: Applied

Objective: 7.1

 

3)  The principle that an object’s quantity remains the same even though its shape may change is called ________.  Children in Piaget’s ________ stage are able to understand this principle.

Answer: conservation; concrete operational

Diff: 2     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Watch: Conservation of Liquids

Skill: Conceptual

Objective: 7.5

 

4)  Which of the following statements is true regarding relationship and IQ scores?

  1. A) Identical twins will have weakly correlated IQ scores if they are raised apart.
  2. B) Adopted children raised in a household with high IQ parents will have IQ scores very similar to their adoptive parents.
  3. C) Identical twins raised together are likely to have strongly correlated IQ scores.
  4. D) Non-identical siblings’ IQ scores will correlate at the .85 level.

Answer: C

Diff: 2     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Explore: Correlations Between IQ Scores of Persons

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.13

 

5)  When the IQ scores of identical twins who are raised together are compared, the correlation coefficient is approximately ________.

Answer: .90

Diff: 2     Page Ref: MDL

Topic: Explore: Correlations Between IQ Scores of Persons

Skill: Factual

Objective: 7.13

 

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