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Microbiology An Introduction 10th Edition Tortora Case Funke Test Bank

• ISBN-10:0321550072
• ISBN-13:978-0321550071

 

 

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Chapter 13. Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
In which of the following ways do viruses differ from bacteria?
A)
Viruses are filterable.
B)
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
C)
Viruses don’t have any nucleic acid.
D)
Viruses are not composed of cells.
E)
Viruses don’t reproduce.
Answer:
D
2)
Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving
chemicals?
A)
They are not composed of cells.
B)
They are filterable.
C)
They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.
D)
They cause diseases similar to those caused chemicals.
E)
They are chemically simple.
Answer:
C
3)
Which of the following statements about spikes is false?
A)
They are used for penetration.
B)
They are used for absorption.
C)
They may cause hemagglutination.
D)
They are found only on enveloped viruses.
E)
They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.
Answer:
A
4)
Which of the following is
NOT
used as a criterion to classify viruses?
A)
Biochemical tests
B)
Morphology
C)
Nucleic acid
D)
Size
E)
Number of capsomeres
Answer:
A
1
5)
Which of the following is
NOT
a method of culturing viruses?
A)
In laboratory animals
B)
In culture media
C)
In embryonated eggs
D)
In cell culture
E)
None of the above
Answer:
B
6)
Bacteriophages and animal viruses do
NOT
differ significantly in which one of the following steps?
A)
Adsorption
B)
Penetration
C)
Uncoating
D)
Biosynthesis
E)
Release
Answer:
D
7)
The definition of
lysogeny
is
A)
Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.
B)
Lysis of the host cell due to a phage.
C)
The period during replication when virions are not present.
D)
When the burst time takes an unusually long time.
E)
Attachment of a phage to a cell.
Answer:
A
8)
A viroid is
A)
A complete, infectious virus particle.
B)
A nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA.
C)
A capsid without a nucleic acid.
D)
A provirus.
E)
An infectious protein.
Answer:
B
2
Figure 13.1
9)
In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus?
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
All of the above
Answer:
B
10)
In Figure 13.1, the structures illustrated are composed of
A)
DNA.
B)
RNA.
C)
DNA or RNA.
D)
Capsomeres.
E)
Capsids.
Answer:
D
11)
A clear area against a confluent “lawn” of bacteria is called a
A)
Phage.
B)
Pock.
C)
Cell lysis.
D)
Plaque.
E)
Rash.
Answer:
D
3
12)
Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that
A)
Viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines.
B)
Continuous cell lines always have to be reisolated from animal tissues.
C)
Continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines.
D)
Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.
E)
Continuous cell lines are from human embryos.
Answer:
D
13)
Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion?
A)
DNA
B)
DNA polymerase
C)
Lysozyme
Sc
D)
P
E)
RNA
Answer:
D
14)
A persistent infection is an infection in which
A)
The virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease.
B)
Viral replication is unusually slow.
C)
The disease process occurs gradually over a long period.
D)
Host cells are gradually lysed.
E)
Host cells are transformed.
Answer:
C
15)
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome.
B)
A prophage can pop out of the chromosome.
C)
Prophage genes are represented a repressor protein coded for the prophage.
D)
A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell.
E)
The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection other phages.
Answer:
E
4
16)
Lysogeny can result in all of the following
EXCEPT
A)
Immunity to reinfection the same phage.
B)
Acquisition of new characteristics the host cell.
C)
Immunity to reinfection any phage.
D)
Transduction of specific genes.
E)
None of the above.
Answer:
C
17)
Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a
–
strand of RNA?
A)
Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
–
B)
Synthesis of double
stranded RNA from an RNA template
–
C)
Synthesis of double
stranded RNA from a DNA template
D)
Transcription of mRNA from DNA
E)
Synthesis of DNA from a DNA template
Answer:
B
18)
An infectious protein is a
A)
Bacteriophage.
B)
Prion.
C)
Retrovirus.
D)
Viroid.
E)
Papovavirus.
Answer:
B
19)
An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?
A)
Penetration
B)
Adsorption
C)
Uncoating
D)
Biosynthesis
E)
Release
Answer:
E
5
20)
Which of the following contributes to the difficulty in establishing the etiology of cancer?
A)
Most viral particles can infect cells without inducing cancer.
B)
Cancer may not develop until long after infection.
C)
Cancers do not seem to be contagious.
D)
Viruses are difficult to observe.
E)
All of the above.
Answer:
E
21)
An example of a latent viral infection is
A)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
B)
Cold sores.
C)
Influenza.
D)
Smallpox.
E)
Mumps.
Answer:
B
22)
The most common route of accidental AIDS transmission to health care workers is
A)
Mouth to mouth.
B)
Fecal
oral.
C)
Needlestick.
D)
Aerosol.
E)
Environmental surface contact.
Answer:
C
23)
Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. It is a single
–
stranded RNA, enveloped virus. To which group
does it most likely belong?
A)
Herpesvirus
B)
Picornavirus
C)
Retrovirus
D)
Togavirus
E)
Papovavirus
Answer:
D
6
24)
To which group does a small, nonenveloped single
–
stranded RNA virus most likely belong?
A)
Herpesvirus
B)
Picornavirus
C)
Retrovirus
D)
Togavirus
E)
Papovavirus
Answer:
B
25)
The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by
A)
Finding oncogenes in viruses.
B)
The presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients.
C)
Cancer following injection of cell
–
free filtrates.
D)
Treating cancer with antibodies.
E)
Some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis.
Answer:
C
26)
Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell
EXCEPT
A)
Lysozyme.
B)
tRNA.
C)
Amino acids.
D)
Nucleotides.
E)
A.T.P.
Answer:
A
27)
Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction
A)
Kills the host.
B)
Transfers DNA from one cell to another.
C)
Transfers specific DNA.
D)
Involves lysogeny.
E)
Lyses the host cell.
Answer:
C
7
28)
–
Generally, in a DNA
containing virus infection, the host animal cell supplies all of the following
EXCEPT
A)
RNA polymerase.
B)
Nucleotides.
C)
DNA polymerase.
D)
tRNA.
E)
All of the above are supplied the host animal cell.
Answer:
C
29)
Put the following in the correct order for DNA
–
virus replication:
–
–
1
Maturation; 2
–
DNA synthesis; 3
–
Transcription; 4
Translation.
A)
1, 2, 3, 4
B)
2, 3, 4, 1
C)
3, 4, 1, 2
D)
4, 1, 2, 3
E)
4, 3, 2, 1
Answer:
B
30)
A viral species is a group of viruses that
A)
Have the same morphology and nucleic acid.
B)
Have the same genetic information and ecological niche.
C)
Infect the same cells and cause the same disease.
D)
Can’t be defined.
Answer:
B
31)
Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the
A)
Retroviridae and Picornaviridae.
B)
Herpesviridae and Retroviridae.
C)
Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.
D)
Bacteriophage families.
E)
Influenzavirus.
Answer:
C
8
32)
DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of
A)
Retroviridae.
B)
Herpesviridae.
C)
Hepadnaviridae.
D)
Bacteriophage families.
E)
Influenzavirus.
Answer:
C
33)
Which of the following statements about viruses is false?
A)
Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both.
B)
Viruses contain a protein coat.
C)
Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell.
D)
Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.
E)
Viruses have genes.
Answer:
D
34)
Approximately how many virus particles could fit along a 1
–
millimeter line?
A)
2
B)
20
C)
200
D)
20,000
E)
2,000,000
Answer:
D
35)
Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms; these are called
A)
Latent viruses.
B)
Lytic viruses.
C)
Phages.
D)
Slow viruses.
E)
Unconventional viruses.
Answer:
A
9
Figure 13.2
36)
Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2
would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60
–
–
year
old with shingles (human herpesvirus
3)?
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e
Answer:
E
37)
Assume a patient has influenza. During which time (on the graph in Figure 13.2) would the patient show the
symptoms of the illness?
A)
a
B)
b
C)
c
D)
d
E)
e
Answer:
C
10
38)
The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. What is the third step?
A)
Attachment
B)
Biosynthesis
C)
Penetration
D)
Release
E)
Uncoating
Answer:
E
39)
The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. What is the fourth step?
–
A)
Synthesis of double
stranded DNA
+
B)
Synthesis of
RNA
C)
Attachment
D)
Penetration
E)
Uncoating
Answer:
A
40)
Nontoxic strains of
Vibrio cholerae
can become toxic when they are in the human intestine with toxic strains of
bacteria. This suggests that the toxin genes are acquired by
A)
Host enzymes.
B)
Prions.
C)
Reverse transcriptase.
D)
Transduction.
E)
None of the above.
Answer:
D
41)
Which one of the following steps does
NOT
occur during multiplication of a picornavirus?
+
A)
Synthesis of
strands of RNA
–
B)
Synthesis of
strands of RNA
C)
Synthesis of viral proteins
D)
Synthesis of DNA
E)
None of the above
Answer:
D
11
42)
Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?
A)
Capsid proteins
B)
DNA polymerase
C)
Envelope proteins
D)
Spike proteins
E)
Lysozyme
Answer:
B
43)
Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes?
–
A)
DNA
dependent DNA polymerase
B)
Lysozyme
–
C)
RNA
dependent RNA polymerase
D)
Reverse transcriptase
E)
ATP synthase
Answer:
C
44)
The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a
+
strand RNA virus. What is the third step?
A)
Attachment
B)
Penetration and uncoating
–
C)
Synthesis of
strand RNA
+
D)
Synthesis of
strand RNA
E)
Synthesis of viral proteins
Answer:
C
45)
What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
A)
Worldwide distribution
B)
Segmented genome
C)
Attachment spikes
D)
Ease of transmission
E)
Different subtypes
Answer:
B
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
46)
Bacteriophages are used as vectors in genetic engineering to insert new genes into bacteria. Describe the
process that makes this genetic recombination possible.
Answer:
12
47)
Compare and contrast the lytic cycle of infection of a DNA virus and an RNA virus.
Answer:
48)
Why was it previously believed that only DNA viruses could cause cancer? How can RNA viruses cause
cancer?
Answer:
49)
You are growing
Bacillus subtilis
–
in nine 16,000
liter fermenters to produce enzymes for industrial use. The
Bacillus
cultures had been growing for 2 days when the cells in one of the fermenters lysed. Explain what
happened in this fermenter.
Answer:
13