Description
Nutrition and Diet Therapy 6th Edition Lutz Mazur Litch Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0803637184
ISBN-10: 0803637187
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Chapter 11: Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
- Caution is urged in feeding infants the following foods because of the chance of provoking allergy:
- Broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower
- Eggs, milk, and wheat
- Grapefruit, strawberries, and tomatoes
- Peanuts, tuna, and veal
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | The most common food allergies for children include eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans, and wheat. |
2. | The most common food allergies for children include eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans, and wheat. |
3. | The most common food allergies for children include eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans, and wheat. |
4. | The most common food allergies for children include eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans, and wheat. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Which of the following are not recommended for infants younger than 1 year old?
- Bananas, strained fruits, and strained turkey
- Egg white, honey, and nuts
- Egg yolk, oatmeal, and rice cereal
- Prune juice, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | Bite-sized pieces of banana would be allowed around 10 months of age; strained fruits are given around 6 or 7 months of age; strained meats are given around 7 or 8 months of age. |
2. | Egg whites because of potential allergy, honey because of the risk for botulism, and nuts because of potential allergy should be given only after an infant is 1 year of age. |
3. | Egg yolk may be given at 10 months; oatmeal may be given after 4 months of age and the infant has been offered rice cereal first; rice cereal is the first cereal given to infants, at around 4 months of age. |
4. | Stained fruits and juices may be given to an infant before age 1 year. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application
- An infant is expected to ______ its birth weight 1 year of age.
- Double
- Triple
- Quadruple
- Quintuple
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | An infant’s birth weight is expected to double 4 to 6 months of age and triple 1 year. |
2. | An infant’s birth weight is expected to double 4 to 6 months of age and triple 1 year. |
3. | An infant’s birth weight is expected to double 4 to 6 months of age and triple 1 year. |
4. | An infant’s birth weight is expected to double 4 to 6 months of age and triple 1 year. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Knowledge
- Feeding an infant when he or she is hungry will help the infant achieve the developmental task of:
- Identity
- Integrity
- Intimacy
- Trust
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | The developmental task of infancy is trust. |
2. | The developmental task of infancy is trust. |
3. | The developmental task of infancy is trust. |
4. | The developmental task of infancy is trust. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity | Cognitive Level: Knowledge
- Which of the following is a suggested order for introducing new foods to the infant’s diet?
- Infant cereal, formula, pureed fruits, strained vegetables, and strained meats
- Formula, infant cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and strained meats
- Infant fruits, infant cereal, strained meats, strained vegetables, and cow’s milk
- Formula, infant cereal, strained fruits, strained meats, and strained vegetables
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | The typical progression of food introduction for an infant is formula, cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and lastly, strained meats. |
2. | The typical progression of food introduction for an infant is formula, cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and lastly, strained meats. |
3. | The typical progression of food introduction for an infant is formula, cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and lastly, strained meats. |
4. | The typical progression of food introduction for an infant is formula, cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and lastly, strained meats. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- The food that most often causes choking accidents in infants is:
- Celery
- Grapes
- Hot dogs
- Peanuts
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | Celery may be a cause of choking in children, but hot dogs are most often the cause in infants. |
2. | Grapes are a common cause of choking in 2-year-olds. |
3. | Hot dogs are the food most often involved in choking incidents with infants |
4. | Peanuts are a common cause of choking in 2-year-olds. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- The nurse instructs the parents of an infant with diarrhea to see medical intervention for which of the following?
- Has more than five stools in 24 hours
- Develops a fever of 99°F
- Moist mucous membranes
- Exhibits decreased urine output.
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | The parents should seek medical intervention if the infant is experiencing high output, including frequent and substantial volumes of diarrhea. |
2. | The parents should seek medical care if the infant has a fever of 100.4° if less than 3 months of age or greater than 102.2° if the child is aged 3 to 36 months. |
3. | The parents should seek medical care if the infant shows signs of dehydration, such as dry mucous membranes. Moist mucous membranes suggest adequate hydration. |
4. | The parents should seek medical care if the infant has decreased urine output, which suggests dehydration. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application
- A toddler and his or her parents may have conflicts over eating habits, which is characteristic of the toddler’s developmental task of:
- Autonomy
- Generativity
- Intimacy
- Trust
Ans: 1
Feedback | |
1. | Autonomy or independence is the psychosocial developmental task of the toddler. |
2. | Autonomy or independence is the psychosocial developmental task of the toddler. |
3. | Autonomy or independence is the psychosocial developmental task of the toddler. |
4. | Autonomy or independence is the psychosocial developmental task of the toddler. Trust is the developmental task of infancy. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- By the time a child is 1 year old, his or her stomach capacity is about:
- 1 oz
- ½ cup
- 1 cup
- 1½ cups
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | A 1-year-old’s stomach holds just 1 cup, necessitating small servings. |
2. | A 1-year-old’s stomach holds just 1 cup, necessitating small servings. |
3. | A 1-year-old’s stomach holds just 1 cup, necessitating small servings. |
4. | A 1-year-old’s stomach holds just 1 cup, necessitating small servings. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Knowledge
- Ms. M is being seen in the well-baclinic with Tamara, who is 21 months old. Ms. M says Tamara is eating well, mainly pureed junior foods. The nurse will base her teaching on which of the following concepts?
- Attempting to feed herself is too difficult at this age for Tamara.
- Giving Tamara table foods would be much less expensive for Ms. M.
- Processing removes much of the iron in canned foods, so this meal pattern puts Tamara at risk of anemia.
- Varying textures is believed to aid speech development.
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | During toddler years, fine motor control improves, which allows toddlers to use eating utensils with more finesse. |
2. | By 12 months of age, the child should begin to consume table foods prepared according to the child’s ability. |
3. | Processed foods should be avoided because they are high in fat, sugar, and sodium, not because of the risk for anemia. |
4. | Varying textures is believed to aid in speech development. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- Which of the following foods are appropriate for a 6-month-old infant?
- Raisin bran cereal, mandarin oranges, and strained veal
- Infant rice cereal, strained peaches, and strained carrots
- Ritz crackers, strained apricots, and smooth peanut butter
- French-fried potatoes, junior-style beets, and chopped hard-cooked eggs
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | Raisin bran cereal and mandarin oranges would be inappropriate because of the risk for choking on the raisins or oranges. Strained meats should start around 7 to 8 months of age. |
2. | Rice cereal, strained fruits and vegetables are appropriate for a 6-month-old infant. |
3. | Ritz crackers are inappropriate because of the risk for choking; peanut butter should be avoided because of the risk for allergy as well as choking. Strained apricots would be appropriate. |
4. | French fries pose a choking hazard; junior style beets require teeth and chewing, which a 6-month-old would have difficulty doing; strained or mashed egg yolks should be given at 10 months of age, but egg whites should be delayed until after 1 age 1 year. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- Which of the following statements about breast milk is true?
- It contains white blood cells (WBCs).
- It contains no fatty acids.
- It contains less phosphorus than cow’s milk.
- It contains more sodium.
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | Breast milk does contain white blood cells. |
2. | Breast milk contains arachidonic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids, which are important for central nervous system development. |
3. | Breast milk contains one-eighth the phosphorus of cow’s milk. |
4. | Breast milk contains one-third the sodium, potassium, and chloride of cow’s milk. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Knowledge
- Which of the following combinations of foods offers the best nutrition for a preschool child’s breakfast?
- Waffles, syrup, and sausage
- Fried eggs, bacon, and a sweet roll
- Grits, country ham, and biscuits
- Orange juice, oatmeal, and milk
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | This choice is not well balanced. Syrup is high in sugar; sausage is high in fat. |
2. | This choice is not well balanced. Bacon is high in fat; sweet roll is high in sugar. Although eggs are high in protein, frying the eggs adds additional fat. |
3. | This choice is not well balanced. Country ham is high in sodium; biscuits and grits are carbohydrates. |
4. | Orange juice provides vitamins and minerals; oatmeal provides carbohydrates; milk provides calcium and protein. This is a more well-balanced choice. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- Whole milk is recommended for children under 2 years of age to ensure adequate nutrients for optimal:
- Deposition of fat stores
- Immune responses
- Neural development
- Skeletal growth and maturation
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | To support brain growth and development, 1- to 2-year-old children should continue to drink whole milk. |
2. | To support brain growth and development, 1- to 2-year-old children should continue to drink whole milk. |
3. | To support brain growth and development, 1- to 2-year-old children should continue to drink whole milk. |
4. | To support brain growth and development, 1- to 2-year-old children should continue to drink whole milk. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Infant foods that have been heated and offered to the infant but not eaten in its entirety should be discarded because they may have become:
- Contaminated with saliva and bacteria
- Rancid from the warming process
- Toxic from evaporation of the water contained in them
- Unpalatable from the increased concentration of salt that heating promotes
Ans: 1
Feedback | |
1. | Food that has been heated and not fully consumed should be discarded because of possible contamination with salivary enzymes and bacteria. |
2. | Food that has been heated and not fully consumed should be discarded because of possible contamination with salivary enzymes and bacteria. |
3. | Food that has been heated and not fully consumed should be discarded because of possible contamination with salivary enzymes and bacteria. |
4. | Food that has been heated and not fully consumed should be discarded because of possible contamination with salivary enzymes and bacteria. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- In contrast to salivary and pancreatic amylases, which are inadequate in the newborn, ______ is available in the saliva to begin digestion.
- Chymotrypsin
- Lipase
- Pepsin
- Rennin
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | Newborns/infants have lingual lipase to digest fat, an enzyme lacking in adults. |
2. | Newborns/infants have lingual lipase to digest fat, an enzyme lacking in adults. |
3. | Newborns/infants have lingual lipase to digest fat, an enzyme lacking in adults. |
4. | Newborns/infants have lingual lipase to digest fat, an enzyme lacking in adults. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Special care must be taken if formula is warmed in a ______ because it will continue to increase in temperature after removal.
- Electric bottle warmer
- Conventional oven
- Microwave oven
- Water bath
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | Using a microwave oven for infant foods is not recommended. Heat may be unevenly distributed and continues to build even after the food has been removed from the oven. |
2. | Using a microwave oven for infant foods is not recommended. Heat may be unevenly distributed and continues to build even after the food has been removed from the oven |
3. | Using a microwave oven for infant foods is not recommended. Heat may be unevenly distributed and continues to build even after the food has been removed from the oven |
4. | Using a microwave oven for infant foods is not recommended. Heat may be unevenly distributed and continues to build even after the food has been removed from the oven |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Breastfeeding infants should be weighed and observed while suckling a knowledgeable health-care provider at ______ of age.
- 24 hours
- 2 to 4 days
- 1 week
- 2 weeks
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | Breastfeeding infants should be weighed and observed while suckling a knowledgeable health-care provider at 2 to 4 days of age to evaluate for weight loss greater than 10%, which is associated with increased risk of hypernatremic dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia and may lead to the recommendation for formula supplementation. |
2. | Breastfeeding infants should be weighed and observed while suckling a knowledgeable health-care provider at 2 to 4 days of age to evaluate for weight loss greater than 10%, which is associated with increased risk of hypernatremic dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia and may lead to the recommendation for formula supplementation. |
3. | Breastfeeding infants should be weighed and observed while suckling a knowledgeable health-care provider at 2 to 4 days of age to evaluate for weight loss greater than 10%, which is associated with increased risk of hypernatremic dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia and may lead to the recommendation for formula supplementation. |
4. | Breastfeeding infants should be weighed and observed while suckling a knowledgeable health-care provider at 2 to 4 days of age to evaluate for weight loss greater than 10%, which is associated with increased risk of hypernatremic dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia and may lead to the recommendation for formula supplementation. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Although it is not the only source of the organism, honey should not be given to an infant because it might transmit:
- Botulism
- Escherichia coli infection
- Staphylococcal food poisoning
- Streptococcal sore throat
Ans: 1
Feedback | |
1. | Infants should not be given honey until after their first birthday because honey frequently contains botulism spores acquired from plants or the soil. Up to 25% of honey products have been found to contain spores. Processing the honey does not destroy these spores. |
2. | Infants should not be given honey until after their first birthday because honey frequently contains botulism spores acquired from plants or the soil. Up to 25% of honey products have been found to contain spores. Processing the honey does not destroy these spores. |
3. | Infants should not be given honey until after their first birthday because honey frequently contains botulism spores acquired from plants or the soil. Up to 25% of honey products have been found to contain spores. Processing the honey does not destroy these spores. |
4. | Infants should not be given honey until after their first birthday because honey frequently contains botulism spores acquired from plants or the soil. Up to 25% of honey products have been found to contain spores. Processing the honey does not destroy these spores. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- When teaching a new mother about feeding and her newborn, the nurse keeps in mind that the capacity of a newborn infant’s stomach is approximately how many ounces?
- 1/2
- 1
- 1 1/2
- 2
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | A newborn’s stomach has the capacity of approximately 1 ounce. |
2. | A newborn’s stomach has the capacity of approximately 1 ounce |
3. | A newborn’s stomach has the capacity of approximately 1 ounce |
4. | A newborn’s stomach has the capacity of approximately 1 ounce |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Breast milk supplies amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that in cow’s milk. This means the breast-fed infant can digest which of the following more easily than can the formula-fed infant?
- Fats
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Vitamins
Ans: 3
Feedback | |
1. | Breast milk contains amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that of cow’s milk, facilitating the digestion of carbohydrates. |
2. | Breast milk contains amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that of cow’s milk, facilitating the digestion of carbohydrates. |
3. | Breast milk contains amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that of cow’s milk, facilitating the digestion of carbohydrates. |
4. | Breast milk contains amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that of cow’s milk, facilitating the digestion of carbohydrates. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension
- Before the age of 4 months, an infant is likely to spit out semisolid foods because of:
- An acute sense of taste
- An inability to chew
- A lack of hand–eye coordination
- The up-and-down motion of the tongue when sucking
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | If semisolid food is offered at this time, the natural motion of the tongue tends to spit it out. It is not related to taste. |
2. | If semisolid food is offered at this time, the natural motion of the tongue tends to spit it out. It is not related to an inability to chew. |
3. | If semisolid food is offered at this time, the natural motion of the tongue tends to spit it out. It is not due to a lack of hand–eye coordination. |
4. | If semisolid food is offered at this time, the natural motion of the tongue tends to spit it out. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application
- New foods should be introduced to an infant:
- After breastfeeding or formula feeding
- At every feeding for 2 days to help the badevelop a liking for it
- In amounts of 1 oz (2 tbsp) per feeding
- One at a time and 5 days apart to identify untoward effects
Ans: 4
Feedback | |
1. | New foods should be introduced one at a time and a week apart so that if a problem develops, the responsible food can be readily identified. A food should be tried for 3 to 5 days before the infant is permitted to reject it. |
2. | New foods should be introduced one at a time and a week apart so that if a problem develops, the responsible food can be readily identified. A food should be tried for 3 to 5 days before the infant is permitted to reject it. |
3. | New foods should be introduced one at a time and a week apart so that if a problem develops, the responsible food can be readily identified. A food should be tried for 3 to 5 days before the infant is permitted to reject it. |
4. | New foods should be introduced one at a time and a week apart so that if a problem develops, the responsible food can be readily identified. A food should be tried for 3 to 5 days before the infant is permitted to reject it. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application
Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Cognitive Level: Application
- The recommended amount of daily fiber intake for an 8-year-old child is ______ grams.
- 8
- 13
- 16
- 20
Ans: 2
Feedback | |
1. | The recommended amount of fiber is equal to the child’s age plus 5 beginning at age 2. Thus, an 8-year-old should have 13 grams of fiber. |
2. | The recommended amount of fiber is equal to the child’s age plus 5 beginning at age 2. Thus, an 8-year-old should have 13 grams of fiber. |
3. | The recommended amount of fiber is equal to the child’s age plus 5 beginning at age 2. Thus, an 8-year-old should have 13 grams of fiber. |
4. | The recommended amount of fiber is equal to the child’s age plus 5 beginning at age 2. Thus, an 8-year-old should have 13 grams of fiber. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Analysis
- A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of school-age children. The nurse emphasizes the need for breakfast based on an understanding that children who skip breakfast:
- Consume more high-fat snacks
- Have higher daily intakes of micronutrients
- Are more likely to meet dietary reference intake standards
- Come from higher socioeconomic backgrounds
Ans: 1
Feedback | |
1. | Breakfast is essential and should contain one-fourth to one-third of the day’s nutrients. Skipping breakfast has been shown to lead to consumption of higher-fat snacks later in the day, resulting in higher body mass index. |
2. | Breakfast is essential and should contain one-fourth to one-third of the day’s nutrients. Skipping breakfast has been shown to lead to consumption of higher-fat snacks later in the day, resulting in higher body mass index. |
3. | Breakfast is essential and should contain one-fourth to one-third of the day’s nutrients. Skipping breakfast has been shown to lead to consumption of higher-fat snacks later in the day, resulting in higher body mass index. |
4. | Breakfast is essential and should contain one-fourth to one-third of the day’s nutrients. Skipping breakfast has been shown to lead to consumption of higher-fat snacks later in the day, resulting in higher body mass index. |
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning | Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Comprehension