Description
Structure and Function of the Body 15th Edition Patton Thibodeau Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0323341127
ISBN-10: 0323341128
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Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 15th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The fluid inside the cell is called
| a. | plasma |
| b. | intracellular fluid |
| c. | interstitial fluid |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Extracellular fluid includes
| a. | plasma and intracellular fluid |
| b. | interstitial and intracellular fluids |
| c. | plasma and interstitial fluid |
| d. | plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The fluid that surrounds the cells is called
| a. | plasma |
| b. | interstitial fluid |
| c. | intracellular fluid |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Which of the following statements is correct?
| a. | People with more body fat have more body water. |
| b. | Infants have less water per pound than adults. |
| c. | Females have less water per pound than men. |
| d. | Both a and c above. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- Which of the following statements is correct?
| a. | People with less body fat have more body water. |
| b. | Infants have less water per pound than adults. |
| c. | Females have more body water per pound than men. |
| d. | All of the above. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to
| a. | adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output |
| b. | adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output |
| c. | adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Sources of water intake include
| a. | the liquids we drink |
| b. | water from the food we eat |
| c. | water from metabolic processes |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the
| a. | kidney |
| b. | lungs |
| c. | skin |
| d. | intestine |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is
| a. | ADH |
| b. | aldosterone |
| c. | ANH |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is
| a. | ADH |
| b. | aldosterone |
| c. | ANH |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- When dehydration begins to occur
| a. | the body reduces fluid output to zero |
| b. | the body increases the release of ANH |
| c. | the salivary secretions decrease |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Electrolytes
| a. | form when glucose is added to water |
| b. | dissociate in water solutions |
| c. | form ions in water solutions |
| d. | both b and c above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is
| a. | potassium |
| b. | calcium |
| c. | sodium |
| d. | both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is
| a. | bicarbonate |
| b. | chloride |
| c. | hydroxide |
| d. | phosphate |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?
| a. | Sodium |
| b. | Iodine |
| c. | Iron |
| d. | Chloride |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?
| a. | Sodium |
| b. | Iodine |
| c. | Iron |
| d. | Chloride |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- In blood plasma
| a. | the number of positive ions is greater than the number of negative ions |
| b. | the number of positive ions is less than the number of negative ions |
| c. | the number of positive and negative ions are equal |
| d. | there are no electrolytes |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 4 TOP: Common electrolytes found in blood plasma
- The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the
| a. | kidney |
| b. | small intestine |
| c. | large intestine |
| d. | skin |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Aldosterone
| a. | is released the pituitary gland |
| b. | increases the urine volume |
| c. | increases sodium reabsorption |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Aldosterone
| a. | increases sodium reabsorption the kidney |
| b. | increases water reabsorption |
| c. | increases the water volume in extracellular fluid |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to
| a. | increase interstitial fluid volume |
| b. | increase plasma volume |
| c. | decrease interstitial fluid volume |
| d. | both b and c above |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to
| a. | increase interstitial fluid volume |
| b. | decrease blood plasma volume |
| c. | decrease interstitial fluid volume |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is
| a. | capillary blood pressure |
| b. | sodium in the blood plasma |
| c. | protein in the blood plasma |
| d. | chloride in the blood plasma |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is
| a. | blood pressure |
| b. | sodium in the blood plasma |
| c. | sodium in the interstitial fluid |
| d. | protein in the blood plasma |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- In dehydration
| a. | intercellular fluid volume drops first |
| b. | plasma volume drops first |
| c. | interstitial fluid drops first |
| d. | neither interstitial nor intracellular fluid volume are affected |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Dehydration can be caused by
| a. | prolonged vomiting |
| b. | prolonged diarrhea |
| c. | too little fluid intake |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Overhydration
| a. | occurs about as often as dehydration |
| b. | can put too heavy a burden on the kidneys |
| c. | can be caused giving intravenous fluids too rapidly |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?
| a. | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| b. | The humors of the eye |
| c. | Lymph |
| d. | All of the above are extracellular fluids |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The largest volume of water in the body is
| a. | plasma |
| b. | the fluid inside the cells |
| c. | interstitial fluid |
| d. | lymph |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The person with the greatest percentage of body water would be
| a. | an obese male |
| b. | a nonobese male |
| c. | a nonobese female |
| d. | a newborn |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest?
| a. | Skin |
| b. | Lungs |
| c. | Intestines |
| d. | Muscles |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
- A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as
| a. | 80% |
| b. | 70% |
| c. | 60% |
| d. | 90% |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?
| a. | Lungs |
| b. | Skin |
| c. | Intestine |
| d. | All of the above organs contribute to fluid output from the body |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is
| a. | calcium |
| b. | potassium |
| c. | sodium |
| d. | magnesium |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is
| a. | phosphate ions |
| b. | protein molecules |
| c. | chlorine |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is
| a. | hyponatremia |
| b. | hyperkalemia |
| c. | hypernatremia |
| d. | hypercalcemia |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
TRUE/FALSE
- The largest volume of fluid in the body is in the plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Three main fluid compartments of the body are intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and plasma.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Two fluid compartments make up the interstitial fluid compartment: the extracellular fluid and the plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Infants have less water per pound of body weight than do adults.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Obese people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do slender people.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Adults have less water per pound of body weight than do infants.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Men tend to have less water per pound of body weight than do women.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Slender people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do obese people.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- The most important mechanism in regulating fluid balance is to adjust fluid intake.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The three main sources of fluid intake are the fluids we drink, the liquid in the foods we eat, and the water formed metabolic processes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Fluid loss can occur from the kidneys, lungs, skin, or intestines.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The fluid output that changes most is the amount of sweat lost from the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The body regulates the amount of fluid lost increasing or decreasing the amount of urine produced.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 431 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH tends to increase the amount of urine produced.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH tends to increase the amount of water reabsorbed the body.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANH is made the heart.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Aldosterone is released the pituitary gland.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH is released the adrenal glands.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- In cases of dehydration, the body can reduce its fluid output to zero.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The compound glucose is an electrolyte.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The compound sodium chloride is an electrolyte.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- When electrolytes are dissolved in water they produce ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of positive ions found in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate are examples of negative ions found in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iron is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iodine is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iron is important in the production of hemoglobin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Where sodium goes, water follows.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant positive ion in the blood is calcium.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant negative ion in the blood is chloride.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- In the blood, the total number of negative ions equals the total number of positive ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Figure 19-9 Electrolytes found in fluid compartments of the body
- Increased arterial blood pressure causes the baroreceptors to stimulate the release of aldosterone.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
- As the sodium content in the blood increases, the volume of urine increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
- The effect of aldosterone is to increase the volume of the extracellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The main regulators of sodium in the body are the sweat glands of the skin and the intestines.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 435-436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- The kidney is the main regulator of sodium in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- Plasma proteins are the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Plasma proteins are the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A reduction in capillary blood pressure would allow more blood to be pushed into the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A reduction in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- An increase in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A decrease in capillary blood pressure or an increase in the plasma protein concentration would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- An increase in capillary blood pressure or a decrease in the plasma protein concentration would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure and plasma protein concentration have the opposite effects on interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- If plasma volume drops drastically, adequate circulation cannot be maintained.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Dehydration and overhydration occur in about equal frequency.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Prolonged vomiting can result in dehydration.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Middle-aged adults are at the greatest risk for dehydration caused diarrhea.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of overhydration.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- In dehydration, interstitial fluid volume decreases first.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- One of the results of overhydration is to put too heavy a burden on the kidneys.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Fluid balance implies that both total volume and distribution of water remain normal.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 429
OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction
- The most abundant substance in the body is water.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Fluid makes up about 25% of the body weight of the average adult.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- The percentage of body water increases slightly over the first 10 years of life.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- No matter how dehydrated the body gets, it will continue to lose water through the lungs and skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- One of the first signs of dehydration is the reduction in the production of saliva.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- Proteins are considered negative ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The large intestine assists in the regulation of sodium in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The water-pushing forces in the capillary are highest at the venous end of the capillary.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- In newborns, water may account for as much as 80% of the total body weight.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- One reason the amount of water per pound increases in the elderly is that the muscle mass decreases and body fat increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- With slight variation, the amount of extracellular fluid equals the amount of intracellular fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The second greatest source of water for the body is the water produced the catabolism of food.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
- Potassium is the most common cation in intracellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Lymph and cerebrospinal fluid are considered interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and the humors in the eye are all considered transcellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Ions that carry a positive charge are called anions.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- A milliequivalent (mEq) is a unit used to describe the relative atomic mass of various ions in the body.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- Water intoxication may result from rapidly drinking large volumes of water or giving hypotonic solutions to persons unable to dilute and excrete urine normally.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
| a. | Intracellular fluid |
| b. | Interstitial fluid |
| c. | Plasma |
| d. | ADH |
| e. | ANH |
| f. | Electrolyte |
| g. | Capillary blood pressure |
| h. | Plasma proteins |
| i. | Dehydration |
| j. | Overhydration |
| k. | Anions |
| l. | Aldosterone |
| m. | Extracellular fluid |
| n. | Edema |
| o. | Fluid compartments |
| p. | Cations |
- Dissociates into ions in a water solution
- Fluid that is in spaces between the cells
- A hormone that is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney
- Can be the result of prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
- A hormone that is made in the heart and can increase the amount of water lost in the urine
- Liquid fraction of whole blood
- Main water-pushing force moving fluid out of the capillaries
- Can result if intravenous fluid is administered too rapidly
- Fluid inside the cells
- Force pulling water back into the capillaries
- Consists of plasma, transcellular fluid, and interstitial fluid
- The two examples of these are extracellular and intracellular
- Term given to negatively changed ions
- Term given to positively charged ions
- Tissue swelling as a result of too much interstitial fluid
- Hormone secreted the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption from the kidneys
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- ANS: M DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: O DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: K DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: P DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: N DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: L DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid volume variations
Match the term with its correct definition.
| a. | Hyperkalemia |
| b. | Hyponatremia |
| c. | Hypocalcemia |
| d. | Hypernatremia |
| e. | Hypercalcemia |
| f. | Hypokalemia |
- Dietary calcium deficiency
- Low blood potassium level
- Blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L
- Blood potassium levels of more than 5.1 mEq/L
- Blood sodium level below 136 mEq/L
- Blood calcium levels rise above normal limits
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 438
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 438
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
ESSAY
- Name and describe the fluid compartments of the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Explain the impact of body fat, gender, and age on the amount of water per pound in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- What is the impact of ADH, aldosterone, and ANH on the amount of fluid reabsorbed into the body from the kidneys?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Explain the mechanism of fluid intake regulation. Why can fluid output in the body never reach zero?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 433-435 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- What is an electrolyte? Name several positive and negative ions found in the body and give their functions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Explain the mechanism which aldosterone can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Explain the mechanism which ADH can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Explain the effect that very low capillary blood pressure would have on the plasma–interstitial fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Explain the effect that a very low plasma protein concentration would have on the plasma–interstitial fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- What are some causes of dehydration? Which age group is particularly at risk?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434 OBJ: 5
TOP: Fluid imbalances
- What is a cause of overhydration? What organ is particularly at risk of being overburdened?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435 OBJ: 5
TOP: Fluid imbalances
- If a person were dehydrated, what fluid regulating hormone(s) would be in high concentration in the blood? Explain your answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
- If a person were overhydrated, what fluid-regulating hormone(s) would be in high concentration in the blood?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 434-435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
- Why does it make sense to have people with high blood pressure restrict their intake of salt?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
