Description
Structure and Function of the Body 15th Edition Patton Thibodeau Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0323341127
ISBN-10: 0323341128
How can a nursing test bank help me in school?
Think about it like this. You have one text book in your class. So does your teacher. Each text book has one test bank that teachers use to test students with. This is the nursing test bank for the book you have. All authentic chapters and questions and answers are included.
Do I get to download this nursing test bank today?
Since we know that students want their files fast, we listened and made it exactly the way you want. So you can download your entire test bank today without waiting for it.
Is this site anonymous and discreet?
We try our best to give nursing students exactly what they want. So your order is 100 percent anonymous and discreet. We do not keep any logs of any kind on our website and use a 256 bit SSL encryption on our site which you can verify.
What if I order the wrong test bank?
As long as the file is not downloaded, we can give you the correct file. Please send us an email and we will send you the correct file right away.
Can I request a sample before I purchase to make sure its authentic?
If this is the nursing test bank that you want. You can use it right now without having to wait for it. Add this exact test bank to your shopping basket on this website. Thereafter, checkout. Your download link will be provided to you automatically.
What format are the nursing test banks in when I download them?
Most of the formats are going to be in a PDF format. We also have files in Microsoft Word. They can be viewed on your computer or phone.
That is available on Amazon.
Can I write a review and leave a testimonial on this site?
You certainly can. Please email us by sending an email to us. Many students send us emails thanking us for helping them.
Below you will find some free nursing test bank questions from this test bank:
Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Thibodeau & Patton: Structure & Function of the Body, 15th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The fluid inside the cell is called
| a. | plasma |
| b. | intracellular fluid |
| c. | interstitial fluid |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Extracellular fluid includes
| a. | plasma and intracellular fluid |
| b. | interstitial and intracellular fluids |
| c. | plasma and interstitial fluid |
| d. | plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The fluid that surrounds the cells is called
| a. | plasma |
| b. | interstitial fluid |
| c. | intracellular fluid |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Which of the following statements is correct?
| a. | People with more body fat have more body water. |
| b. | Infants have less water per pound than adults. |
| c. | Females have less water per pound than men. |
| d. | Both a and c above. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- Which of the following statements is correct?
| a. | People with less body fat have more body water. |
| b. | Infants have less water per pound than adults. |
| c. | Females have more body water per pound than men. |
| d. | All of the above. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to
| a. | adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output |
| b. | adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output |
| c. | adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Sources of water intake include
| a. | the liquids we drink |
| b. | water from the food we eat |
| c. | water from metabolic processes |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the
| a. | kidney |
| b. | lungs |
| c. | skin |
| d. | intestine |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is
| a. | ADH |
| b. | aldosterone |
| c. | ANH |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is
| a. | ADH |
| b. | aldosterone |
| c. | ANH |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- When dehydration begins to occur
| a. | the body reduces fluid output to zero |
| b. | the body increases the release of ANH |
| c. | the salivary secretions decrease |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Electrolytes
| a. | form when glucose is added to water |
| b. | dissociate in water solutions |
| c. | form ions in water solutions |
| d. | both b and c above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is
| a. | potassium |
| b. | calcium |
| c. | sodium |
| d. | both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is
| a. | bicarbonate |
| b. | chloride |
| c. | hydroxide |
| d. | phosphate |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?
| a. | Sodium |
| b. | Iodine |
| c. | Iron |
| d. | Chloride |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?
| a. | Sodium |
| b. | Iodine |
| c. | Iron |
| d. | Chloride |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- In blood plasma
| a. | the number of positive ions is greater than the number of negative ions |
| b. | the number of positive ions is less than the number of negative ions |
| c. | the number of positive and negative ions are equal |
| d. | there are no electrolytes |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 4 TOP: Common electrolytes found in blood plasma
- The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the
| a. | kidney |
| b. | small intestine |
| c. | large intestine |
| d. | skin |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Aldosterone
| a. | is released by the pituitary gland |
| b. | increases the urine volume |
| c. | increases sodium reabsorption |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Aldosterone
| a. | increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney |
| b. | increases water reabsorption |
| c. | increases the water volume in extracellular fluid |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to
| a. | increase interstitial fluid volume |
| b. | increase plasma volume |
| c. | decrease interstitial fluid volume |
| d. | both b and c above |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to
| a. | increase interstitial fluid volume |
| b. | decrease blood plasma volume |
| c. | decrease interstitial fluid volume |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is
| a. | capillary blood pressure |
| b. | sodium in the blood plasma |
| c. | protein in the blood plasma |
| d. | chloride in the blood plasma |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is
| a. | blood pressure |
| b. | sodium in the blood plasma |
| c. | sodium in the interstitial fluid |
| d. | protein in the blood plasma |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- In dehydration
| a. | intercellular fluid volume drops first |
| b. | plasma volume drops first |
| c. | interstitial fluid drops first |
| d. | neither interstitial nor intracellular fluid volume are affected |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Dehydration can be caused by
| a. | prolonged vomiting |
| b. | prolonged diarrhea |
| c. | too little fluid intake |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Overhydration
| a. | occurs about as often as dehydration |
| b. | can put too heavy a burden on the kidneys |
| c. | can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly |
| d. | none of the above |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?
| a. | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| b. | The humors of the eye |
| c. | Lymph |
| d. | All of the above are extracellular fluids |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The largest volume of water in the body is
| a. | plasma |
| b. | the fluid inside the cells |
| c. | interstitial fluid |
| d. | lymph |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The person with the greatest percentage of body water would be
| a. | an obese male |
| b. | a nonobese male |
| c. | a nonobese female |
| d. | a newborn |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest?
| a. | Skin |
| b. | Lungs |
| c. | Intestines |
| d. | Muscles |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
- A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as
| a. | 80% |
| b. | 70% |
| c. | 60% |
| d. | 90% |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?
| a. | Lungs |
| b. | Skin |
| c. | Intestine |
| d. | All of the above organs contribute to fluid output from the body |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is
| a. | calcium |
| b. | potassium |
| c. | sodium |
| d. | magnesium |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is
| a. | phosphate ions |
| b. | protein molecules |
| c. | chlorine |
| d. | both a and b above |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is
| a. | hyponatremia |
| b. | hyperkalemia |
| c. | hypernatremia |
| d. | hypercalcemia |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
TRUE/FALSE
- The largest volume of fluid in the body is in the plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Three main fluid compartments of the body are intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and plasma.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Two fluid compartments make up the interstitial fluid compartment: the extracellular fluid and the plasma.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Infants have less water per pound of body weight than do adults.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Obese people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do slender people.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Adults have less water per pound of body weight than do infants.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Men tend to have less water per pound of body weight than do women.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Slender people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do obese people.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- The most important mechanism in regulating fluid balance is to adjust fluid intake.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The three main sources of fluid intake are the fluids we drink, the liquid in the foods we eat, and the water formed by metabolic processes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Fluid loss can occur from the kidneys, lungs, skin, or intestines.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The fluid output that changes most is the amount of sweat lost from the skin.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The body regulates the amount of fluid lost by increasing or decreasing the amount of urine produced.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 431 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH tends to increase the amount of urine produced.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH tends to increase the amount of water reabsorbed by the body.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANH is made by the heart.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Aldosterone is released by the pituitary gland.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ADH is released by the adrenal glands.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- In cases of dehydration, the body can reduce its fluid output to zero.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- The compound glucose is an electrolyte.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The compound sodium chloride is an electrolyte.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- When electrolytes are dissolved in water they produce ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are examples of positive ions found in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate are examples of negative ions found in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iron is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iodine is important in the production of thyroid hormones.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The electrolyte iron is important in the production of hemoglobin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Where sodium goes, water follows.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant positive ion in the blood is calcium.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The most abundant negative ion in the blood is chloride.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- In the blood, the total number of negative ions equals the total number of positive ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Figure 19-9 Electrolytes found in fluid compartments of the body
- Increased arterial blood pressure causes the baroreceptors to stimulate the release of aldosterone.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
- As the sodium content in the blood increases, the volume of urine increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Figure 19-5—Aldosterone mechanism
- The effect of aldosterone is to increase the volume of the extracellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The main regulators of sodium in the body are the sweat glands of the skin and the intestines.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 435-436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- The kidney is the main regulator of sodium in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- Plasma proteins are the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Plasma proteins are the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A reduction in capillary blood pressure would allow more blood to be pushed into the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A reduction in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- An increase in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- A decrease in capillary blood pressure or an increase in the plasma protein concentration would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- An increase in capillary blood pressure or a decrease in the plasma protein concentration would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Capillary blood pressure and plasma protein concentration have the opposite effects on interstitial fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- If plasma volume drops drastically, adequate circulation cannot be maintained.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Dehydration and overhydration occur in about equal frequency.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Prolonged vomiting can result in dehydration.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Middle-aged adults are at the greatest risk for dehydration caused by diarrhea.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of overhydration.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- In dehydration, interstitial fluid volume decreases first.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- One of the results of overhydration is to put too heavy a burden on the kidneys.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- Fluid balance implies that both total volume and distribution of water remain normal.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 429
OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction
- The most abundant substance in the body is water.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- Fluid makes up about 25% of the body weight of the average adult.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- The percentage of body water increases slightly over the first 10 years of life.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- No matter how dehydrated the body gets, it will continue to lose water through the lungs and skin.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- One of the first signs of dehydration is the reduction in the production of saliva.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 2 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- Proteins are considered negative ions.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The large intestine assists in the regulation of sodium in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- The water-pushing forces in the capillary are highest at the venous end of the capillary.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- In newborns, water may account for as much as 80% of the total body weight.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 430
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- One reason the amount of water per pound increases in the elderly is that the muscle mass decreases and body fat increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluids
- With slight variation, the amount of extracellular fluid equals the amount of intracellular fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- The second greatest source of water for the body is the water produced by the catabolism of food.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 432
OBJ: 2 TOP: Typical normal values for each portal of water entry and exit
- Potassium is the most common cation in intracellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Lymph and cerebrospinal fluid are considered interstitial fluid.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and the humors in the eye are all considered transcellular fluid.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Ions that carry a positive charge are called anions.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- A milliequivalent (mEq) is a unit used to describe the relative atomic mass of various ions in the body.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Electrolyte function
- Water intoxication may result from rapidly drinking large volumes of water or giving hypotonic solutions to persons unable to dilute and excrete urine normally.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
MATCHING
Match each of the terms with its definition or description.
| a. | Intracellular fluid |
| b. | Interstitial fluid |
| c. | Plasma |
| d. | ADH |
| e. | ANH |
| f. | Electrolyte |
| g. | Capillary blood pressure |
| h. | Plasma proteins |
| i. | Dehydration |
| j. | Overhydration |
| k. | Anions |
| l. | Aldosterone |
| m. | Extracellular fluid |
| n. | Edema |
| o. | Fluid compartments |
| p. | Cations |
- Dissociates into ions in a water solution
- Fluid that is in spaces between the cells
- A hormone that is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney
- Can be the result of prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
- A hormone that is made in the heart and can increase the amount of water lost in the urine
- Liquid fraction of whole blood
- Main water-pushing force moving fluid out of the capillaries
- Can result if intravenous fluid is administered too rapidly
- Fluid inside the cells
- Force pulling water back into the capillaries
- Consists of plasma, transcellular fluid, and interstitial fluid
- The two examples of these are extracellular and intracellular
- Term given to negatively changed ions
- Term given to positively charged ions
- Tissue swelling as a result of too much interstitial fluid
- Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption from the kidneys
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid imbalances
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434
OBJ: 2 TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- ANS: M DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: O DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431
OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluid compartments
- ANS: K DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: P DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: N DIF: Memorization REF: p. 436
OBJ: 4 TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- ANS: L DIF: Memorization REF: p. 433
OBJ: 5 TOP: Fluid volume variations
Match the term with its correct definition.
| a. | Hyperkalemia |
| b. | Hyponatremia |
| c. | Hypocalcemia |
| d. | Hypernatremia |
| e. | Hypercalcemia |
| f. | Hypokalemia |
- Dietary calcium deficiency
- Low blood potassium level
- Blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L
- Blood potassium levels of more than 5.1 mEq/L
- Blood sodium level below 136 mEq/L
- Blood calcium levels rise above normal limits
- ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: p. 438
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: p. 437
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
- ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: p. 438
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrolyte imbalances
ESSAY
- Name and describe the fluid compartments of the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 431 OBJ: 1
TOP: Body fluid compartments
- Explain the impact of body fat, gender, and age on the amount of water per pound in the body.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 430 OBJ: 1 TOP: Body fluids
- What is the impact of ADH, aldosterone, and ANH on the amount of fluid reabsorbed into the body from the kidneys?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Explain the mechanism of fluid intake regulation. Why can fluid output in the body never reach zero?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: pp. 433-435 TOP: Regulation of fluid intake
- What is an electrolyte? Name several positive and negative ions found in the body and give their functions.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Explain the mechanism by which aldosterone can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 433 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
- Explain the mechanism by which ADH can help maintain fluid homeostasis.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 433 OBJ: 3
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance
- Explain the effect that very low capillary blood pressure would have on the plasma–interstitial fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- Explain the effect that a very low plasma protein concentration would have on the plasma–interstitial fluid balance.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Application REF: p. 434 OBJ: 2
TOP: Capillary blood pressure and blood proteins
- What are some causes of dehydration? Which age group is particularly at risk?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: p. 434 OBJ: 5
TOP: Fluid imbalances
- What is a cause of overhydration? What organ is particularly at risk of being overburdened?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 434-435 OBJ: 5
TOP: Fluid imbalances
- If a person were dehydrated, what fluid regulating hormone(s) would be in high concentration in the blood? Explain your answer.
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 434 OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
- If a person were overhydrated, what fluid-regulating hormone(s) would be in high concentration in the blood?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 434-435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance | Electrolyte function
- Why does it make sense to have people with high blood pressure restrict their intake of salt?
ANS:
(Answers may vary)
DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 435 OBJ: 4
TOP: Importance of electrolytes in body fluids
