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Williams Essentials of Nutrition Revised Reprint 10th Edition Schlenker Roth Test Bank
ISBN-13: 978-0323222747
ISBN-10: 0323222749
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Chapter 07: Minerals
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- The mineral that is present in the body in the greatest amount is:
| a. | sodium. |
| b. | potassium. |
| c. | calcium. |
| d. | iron. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 133
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Binding agents such as oxalic acid and phytic acid inhibit absorption of:
| a. | potassium. |
| b. | sodium. |
| c. | fluoride. |
| d. | calcium. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 133
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Hormones that are involved in maintaining calcium balance in the body include calcitonin, calcitriol, and:
| a. | thyroxine. |
| b. | parathyroid hormone. |
| c. | insulin. |
| d. | epinephrine. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 134
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The greatest amount of calcium is used in:
| a. | bone formation. |
| b. | blood clotting. |
| c. | neuromuscular activity. |
| d. | enzyme activation. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 140
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A mineral that participates in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction is:
| a. | calcium. |
| b. | selenium. |
| c. | chlorine. |
| d. | phosphorus. |
ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: p. 135
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Of the following foods, the type that provides the most calcium per serving is:
| a. | legumes. |
| b. | whole grains. |
| c. | dairy products. |
| d. | leafy vegetables. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 137
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Two important physiologic functions of phosphorus are:
| a. | general metabolism and bone formation. |
| b. | heme formation and hormone synthesis. |
| c. | acid-base balance and detoxification. |
| d. | synthesis and absorption of fatty acids. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 135
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Low serum phosphorus levels may occur in individuals recovering from diabetic acidosis because:
| a. | phosphorus absorption is disrupted. |
| b. | phosphorus is used in active carbohydrate absorption and metabolism. |
| c. | excess phosphorus is produced by the metabolic imbalance. |
| d. | phosphorus buffer systems are depleted. |
ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: p. 140
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The greatest concentration of sodium is found in:
| a. | intestinal fluid. |
| b. | extracellular fluid. |
| c. | intracellular fluid. |
| d. | cerebrospinal fluid. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p. 140
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A factor that serves as the mechanism for regulating excretion of sodium from the body is:
| a. | the amount of water consumed. |
| b. | the body’s pH. |
| c. | the hormone aldosterone. |
| d. | vitamin D activity. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 140
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Important metabolic functions of sodium include fluid balance, acid-base balance, and:
| a. | neuromuscular activity. |
| b. | release of glycogen. |
| c. | regulation of enzyme production. |
| d. | control of body temperature. |
ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: p. 141
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The mineral that is found primarily in the intracellular fluid compartment is:
| a. | sodium. |
| b. | chloride. |
| c. | potassium. |
| d. | magnesium. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 142
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Hypokalemia may occur as the result of:
| a. | severe tissue destruction. |
| b. | prolonged diarrhea. |
| c. | the use of multivitamins. |
| d. | prolonged immobilization. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 143
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A condition that is a serious complication of an elevated serum potassium level is:
| a. | sodium imbalance. |
| b. | hypertension. |
| c. | muscle irritability. |
| d. | vomiting. |
ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: p. 143
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A health problem that can lead to hypokalemia is:
| a. | dependence on vitamin supplements. |
| b. | dependence on caffeinated beverages. |
| c. | myocardial infarction. |
| d. | diabetic acidosis. |
ANS: D DIF: Hard REF: p. 143
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Physiologic functions of potassium include:
| a. | acid-base balance. |
| b. | regulation of insulin production. |
| c. | monitoring sodium excretion. |
| d. | bone formation. |
ANS: A DIF: Hard REF: p. 143
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Studies suggest that an increase in potassium intake can:
| a. | lower blood cholesterol. |
| b. | lower blood pressure. |
| c. | raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. |
| d. | raise blood sugar levels. |
ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: p. 143
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Variations in the body fluid concentration of sodium largely determine distribution of water by:
| a. | diffusion. |
| b. | osmosis. |
| c. | absorption. |
| d. | excretion. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 141
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Minerals in extracellular fluid that regulate water balance are:
| a. | calcium and potassium. |
| b. | sodium and chloride. |
| c. | phosphorus and magnesium. |
| d. | iron and zinc. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 146
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Chlorine can be found in the body as chloride ions in:
| a. | hemoglobin. |
| b. | bile. |
| c. | gastric secretions. |
| d. | skeletal tissue. |
ANS: C DIF: Hard REF: p. 146
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Sulfur is found in the body in:
| a. | proteins. |
| b. | stored fat. |
| c. | DNA. |
| d. | glycogen. |
ANS: A
Sulfur is found in amino acids and protein is made of amino acids.
DIF: Medium REF: p. 146 MSC: Type of Question: Application
- The amino acids that contain sulfur are:
| a. | phenylalanine and lysine. |
| b. | threonine and tyrosine. |
| c. | methionine and cysteine. |
| d. | leucine and tryptophan. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 146
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Trace minerals are called “trace” because they are:
| a. | less important than other minerals. |
| b. | found in a limited number of food sources. |
| c. | found in small quantities in the body. |
| d. | difficult to analyze in the laboratory. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 146
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Iron has an important metabolic function in:
| a. | oxygen transport. |
| b. | thyroxine synthesis. |
| c. | calcium and phosphorus balance. |
| d. | neutralizing gastric secretions. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p. 150
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Factors that favor absorption of iron include:
| a. | vitamin A. |
| b. | vitamin C. |
| c. | zinc. |
| d. | intestinal flora. |
ANS: B DIF: Hard REF: p. 150
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The group of people most likely to exhibit signs of iron deficiency is:
| a. | breast-fed infants. |
| b. | school-age children. |
| c. | overweight men. |
| d. | women of childbearing age. |
ANS: D
Women of childbearing age are susceptible to iron deficiency anemia because of monthly losses of blood in menses. Breast-fed infants have sufficient stores of iron to last 4 to 6 months, until they start to eat supplemental foods. Iron deficiency is not common in children and is not affected by overweight.
DIF: Hard REF: p. 152 MSC: Type of Question: Application
- The second most common type of malnutrition worldwide is:
| a. | iron deficiency anemia. |
| b. | protein-energy malnutrition. |
| c. | osteoporosis. |
| d. | vitamin A deficiency. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 152
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The metabolic function of iodine is to:
| a. | produce energy. |
| b. | maintain the nervous system. |
| c. | maintain dental health. |
| d. | help synthesize thyroxine. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 154
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The most reliable dietary source of iodine is:
| a. | seafood. |
| b. | legumes. |
| c. | iodized table salt. |
| d. | enriched cereals. |
ANS: C
Seafood is a good source of iodine, but most people do not eat seafood on a daily basis. Iodized table salt contributes a commonly used source of iodine.
DIF: Easy REF: p. 155 MSC: Type of Question: Application
- The clinical problem associated with defective iodine uptake and use is:
| a. | hypertension. |
| b. | excessive weight loss. |
| c. | abnormal cardiac function. |
| d. | abnormal thyroid function. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 154
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Symptoms of impaired sense of taste and smell are sometimes caused by a deficiency of:
| a. | zinc. |
| b. | chromium. |
| c. | chlorine. |
| d. | magnesium. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 155
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The minerals involved in hemoglobin synthesis are:
| a. | molybdenum and cadmium. |
| b. | magnesium and manganese. |
| c. | iron and zinc. |
| d. | iron and copper. |
ANS: D DIF: Hard REF: p. 155
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- When a person experiences impairment of taste, the condition is known as:
| a. | hypogeusia. |
| b. | hyposomia. |
| c. | hypostasis. |
| d. | hypothermia. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 155
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Zinc is important throughout the life cycle, but especially during:
| a. | pregnancy. |
| b. | young adulthood. |
| c. | middle adulthood. |
| d. | older adulthood. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 155
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Chromium facilitates the action of:
| a. | thyroxine. |
| b. | lipase. |
| c. | testosterone. |
| d. | insulin. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 156
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The only known function of cobalt in nutrition is:
| a. | contributing to synthesis of thyroxine. |
| b. | lowering blood glucose levels. |
| c. | preventing dental caries. |
| d. | as a constituent of the vitamin B12 molecule. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A major function of selenium is:
| a. | as an antioxidant. |
| b. | thyroxine production. |
| c. | red blood cell formation. |
| d. | glycogen production. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- A major benefit of fluoride is:
| a. | providing structural support to cells. |
| b. | preventing anemia. |
| c. | preventing dental caries. |
| d. | slowing the aging process. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- For public health purposes, the level of fluoridation in public water supplies should be:
| a. | 0.5 ppm. |
| b. | 1.0 ppm. |
| c. | 2.0 ppm. |
| d. | 3.5 ppm. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The mineral that enhances the ability of the tooth structure to withstand the erosive effect of bacterial acid is:
| a. | zinc. |
| b. | calcium. |
| c. | chromium. |
| d. | fluoride. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The percentage of body water in the average person is:
| a. | 40% to 50%. |
| b. | 50% to 60%. |
| c. | 60% to 70%. |
| d. | 70% to 80%. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Distribution of water content in a person’s body is related to the amount of:
| a. | body fat. |
| b. | bone density. |
| c. | muscle mass. |
| d. | circulating blood. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The extracellular fluid compartment contains blood plasma, dense tissue fluid, interstitial fluid, and:
| a. | metabolic water in transit. |
| b. | fluid within cells. |
| c. | secretory fluid. |
| d. | sweat. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 161
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Older adults may be at risk for dehydration because:
| a. | their kidneys are less efficient in resorbing fluid. |
| b. | they absorb less fluid from their intestines. |
| c. | they lose more water through their lungs and skin. |
| d. | their thirst mechanism is diminished. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 161
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The term metabolic water refers to water that is:
| a. | contained in foods. |
| b. | consumed orally. |
| c. | moving from compartment to compartment. |
| d. | formed from oxidation of nutrients. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 157
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- Solutes found in body fluids that influence movement of water include plasma proteins, glucose, and:
| a. | electrolytes. |
| b. | minerals. |
| c. | vitamins. |
| d. | calcium. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 161
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The name of an ion that possesses a positive charge is a(n):
| a. | anion. |
| b. | cation. |
| c. | acid. |
| d. | base. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 161
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The organic molecules responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure are:
| a. | glucose molecules. |
| b. | sodium ions. |
| c. | plasma proteins. |
| d. | amino acids. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 161
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium is called:
| a. | vitamin D. |
| b. | thyroxine. |
| c. | adrenaline. |
| d. | aldosterone. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 163
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume of fluid is:
| a. | valence. |
| b. | milliequivalent. |
| c. | gram molecular weight. |
| d. | pH. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: p. 162
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- If a cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution it will:
| a. | lose water and shrink. |
| b. | gain water and swell. |
| c. | be broken down. |
| d. | eventually burst. |
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p. 162
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The plasma protein that exerts the greatest colloidal osmotic pressure is:
| a. | fibrinogen. |
| b. | prothrombin. |
| c. | albumin. |
| d. | hemoglobin. |
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p. 163
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
- The action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney will result in:
| a. | sodium retention. |
| b. | water excretion. |
| c. | sodium excretion. |
| d. | water retention. |
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p. 163
MSC: Type of Question: Knowledge
