Description

Williams Essentials of Nutrition Revised Reprint 10^th Edition Schlenker Roth Test Bank

ISBN-13: 978-0323222747

ISBN-10: 0323222749

 

 

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Chapter 07: Minerals

Test Bank

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. The mineral that is present in the body in the greatest amount is:

a.	sodium.
b.	potassium.
c.	calcium.
d.	iron.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 133

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

2. Binding agents such as oxalic acid and phytic acid inhibit absorption of:

a.	potassium.
b.	sodium.
c.	fluoride.
d.	calcium.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 133

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

3. Hormones that are involved in maintaining calcium balance in the body include calcitonin, calcitriol, and:

a.	thyroxine.
b.	parathyroid hormone.
c.	insulin.
d.	epinephrine.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 134

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

4. The greatest amount of calcium is used in:

a.	bone formation.
b.	blood clotting.
c.	neuromuscular activity.
d.	enzyme activation.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 140

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

5. A mineral that participates in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction is:

a.	calcium.
b.	selenium.
c.	chlorine.
d.	phosphorus.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 135

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

6. Of the following foods, the type that provides the most calcium per serving is:

a.	legumes.
b.	whole grains.
c.	dairy products.
d.	leafy vegetables.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 137

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

7. Two important physiologic functions of phosphorus are:

a.	general metabolism and bone formation.
b.	heme formation and hormone synthesis.
c.	acid-base balance and detoxification.
d.	synthesis and absorption of fatty acids.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 135

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

8. Low serum phosphorus levels may occur in individuals recovering from diabetic acidosis because:

a.	phosphorus absorption is disrupted.
b.	phosphorus is used in active carbohydrate absorption and metabolism.
c.	excess phosphorus is produced by the metabolic imbalance.
d.	phosphorus buffer systems are depleted.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 140

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

9. The greatest concentration of sodium is found in:

a.	intestinal fluid.
b.	extracellular fluid.
c.	intracellular fluid.
d.	cerebrospinal fluid.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 140

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

10. A factor that serves as the mechanism for regulating excretion of sodium from the body is:

a.	the amount of water consumed.
b.	the body’s pH.
c.	the hormone aldosterone.
d.	vitamin D activity.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 140

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

11. Important metabolic functions of sodium include fluid balance, acid-base balance, and:

a.	neuromuscular activity.
b.	release of glycogen.
c.	regulation of enzyme production.
d.	control of body temperature.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 141

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

12. The mineral that is found primarily in the intracellular fluid compartment is:

a.	sodium.
b.	chloride.
c.	potassium.
d.	magnesium.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 142

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

13. Hypokalemia may occur as the result of:

a.	severe tissue destruction.
b.	prolonged diarrhea.
c.	the use of multivitamins.
d.	prolonged immobilization.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 143

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

14. A condition that is a serious complication of an elevated serum potassium level is:

a.	sodium imbalance.
b.	hypertension.
c.	muscle irritability.
d.	vomiting.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 143

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

15. A health problem that can lead to hypokalemia is:

a.	dependence on vitamin supplements.
b.	dependence on caffeinated beverages.
c.	myocardial infarction.
d.	diabetic acidosis.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 143

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

16. Physiologic functions of potassium include:

a.	acid-base balance.
b.	regulation of insulin production.
c.	monitoring sodium excretion.
d.	bone formation.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 143

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

17. Studies suggest that an increase in potassium intake can:

a.	lower blood cholesterol.
b.	lower blood pressure.
c.	raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
d.	raise blood sugar levels.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 143

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

18. Variations in the body fluid concentration of sodium largely determine distribution of water by:

a.	diffusion.
b.	osmosis.
c.	absorption.
d.	excretion.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 141

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

19. Minerals in extracellular fluid that regulate water balance are:

a.	calcium and potassium.
b.	sodium and chloride.
c.	phosphorus and magnesium.
d.	iron and zinc.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 146

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

20. Chlorine can be found in the body as chloride ions in:

a.	hemoglobin.
b.	bile.
c.	gastric secretions.
d.	skeletal tissue.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 146

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

21. Sulfur is found in the body in:

a.	proteins.
b.	stored fat.
c.	DNA.
d.	glycogen.

 

 

ANS:  A

Sulfur is found in amino acids and protein is made of amino acids.

 

DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 146            MSC:  Type of Question: Application

 

22. The amino acids that contain sulfur are:

a.	phenylalanine and lysine.
b.	threonine and tyrosine.
c.	methionine and cysteine.
d.	leucine and tryptophan.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 146

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

23. Trace minerals are called “trace” because they are:

a.	less important than other minerals.
b.	found in a limited number of food sources.
c.	found in small quantities in the body.
d.	difficult to analyze in the laboratory.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 146

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

24. Iron has an important metabolic function in:

a.	oxygen transport.
b.	thyroxine synthesis.
c.	calcium and phosphorus balance.
d.	neutralizing gastric secretions.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 150

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

25. Factors that favor absorption of iron include:

a.	vitamin A.
b.	vitamin C.
c.	zinc.
d.	intestinal flora.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 150

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

26. The group of people most likely to exhibit signs of iron deficiency is:

a.	breast-fed infants.
b.	school-age children.
c.	overweight men.
d.	women of childbearing age.

 

 

ANS:  D

Women of childbearing age are susceptible to iron deficiency anemia because of monthly losses of blood in menses. Breast-fed infants have sufficient stores of iron to last 4 to 6 months, until they start to eat supplemental foods. Iron deficiency is not common in children and is not affected by overweight.

 

DIF:    Hard               REF:   p. 152            MSC:  Type of Question: Application

 

27. The second most common type of malnutrition worldwide is:

a.	iron deficiency anemia.
b.	protein-energy malnutrition.
c.	osteoporosis.
d.	vitamin A deficiency.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 152

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

28. The metabolic function of iodine is to:

a.	produce energy.
b.	maintain the nervous system.
c.	maintain dental health.
d.	help synthesize thyroxine.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 154

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

29. The most reliable dietary source of iodine is:

a.	seafood.
b.	legumes.
c.	iodized table salt.
d.	enriched cereals.

 

 

ANS:  C

Seafood is a good source of iodine, but most people do not eat seafood on a daily basis. Iodized table salt contributes a commonly used source of iodine.

 

DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 155            MSC:  Type of Question: Application

 

30. The clinical problem associated with defective iodine uptake and use is:

a.	hypertension.
b.	excessive weight loss.
c.	abnormal cardiac function.
d.	abnormal thyroid function.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 154

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

31. Symptoms of impaired sense of taste and smell are sometimes caused by a deficiency of:

a.	zinc.
b.	chromium.
c.	chlorine.
d.	magnesium.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 155

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

32. The minerals involved in hemoglobin synthesis are:

a.	molybdenum and cadmium.
b.	magnesium and manganese.
c.	iron and zinc.
d.	iron and copper.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Hard              REF:   p. 155

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

33. When a person experiences impairment of taste, the condition is known as:

a.	hypogeusia.
b.	hyposomia.
c.	hypostasis.
d.	hypothermia.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 155

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

34. Zinc is important throughout the life cycle, but especially during:

a.	pregnancy.
b.	young adulthood.
c.	middle adulthood.
d.	older adulthood.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 155

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

35. Chromium facilitates the action of:

a.	thyroxine.
b.	lipase.
c.	testosterone.
d.	insulin.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 156

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

36. The only known function of cobalt in nutrition is:

a.	contributing to synthesis of thyroxine.
b.	lowering blood glucose levels.
c.	preventing dental caries.
d.	as a constituent of the vitamin B12 molecule.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

37. A major function of selenium is:

a.	as an antioxidant.
b.	thyroxine production.
c.	red blood cell formation.
d.	glycogen production.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

38. A major benefit of fluoride is:

a.	providing structural support to cells.
b.	preventing anemia.
c.	preventing dental caries.
d.	slowing the aging process.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

39. For public health purposes, the level of fluoridation in public water supplies should be:

a.	0.5 ppm.
b.	1.0 ppm.
c.	2.0 ppm.
d.	3.5 ppm.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

40. The mineral that enhances the ability of the tooth structure to withstand the erosive effect of bacterial acid is:

a.	zinc.
b.	calcium.
c.	chromium.
d.	fluoride.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

41. The percentage of body water in the average person is:

a.	40% to 50%.
b.	50% to 60%.
c.	60% to 70%.
d.	70% to 80%.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

42. Distribution of water content in a person’s body is related to the amount of:

a.	body fat.
b.	bone density.
c.	muscle mass.
d.	circulating blood.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

43. The extracellular fluid compartment contains blood plasma, dense tissue fluid, interstitial fluid, and:

a.	metabolic water in transit.
b.	fluid within cells.
c.	secretory fluid.
d.	sweat.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 161

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

44. Older adults may be at risk for dehydration because:

a.	their kidneys are less efficient in resorbing fluid.
b.	they absorb less fluid from their intestines.
c.	they lose more water through their lungs and skin.
d.	their thirst mechanism is diminished.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 161

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

45. The term metabolic water refers to water that is:

a.	contained in foods.
b.	consumed orally.
c.	moving from compartment to compartment.
d.	formed from oxidation of nutrients.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 157

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

46. Solutes found in body fluids that influence movement of water include plasma proteins, glucose, and:

a.	electrolytes.
b.	minerals.
c.	vitamins.
d.	calcium.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 161

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

47. The name of an ion that possesses a positive charge is a(n):

a.	anion.
b.	cation.
c.	acid.
d.	base.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 161

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

48. The organic molecules responsible for creating colloidal osmotic pressure are:

a.	glucose molecules.
b.	sodium ions.
c.	plasma proteins.
d.	amino acids.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 161

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

49. The hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium is called:

a.	vitamin D.
b.	thyroxine.
c.	adrenaline.
d.	aldosterone.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 163

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

50. The term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume of fluid is:

a.	valence.
b.	milliequivalent.
c.	gram molecular weight.
d.	pH.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 162

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

51. If a cell is surrounded by a hypertonic solution it will:

a.	lose water and shrink.
b.	gain water and swell.
c.	be broken down.
d.	eventually burst.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 162

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

52. The plasma protein that exerts the greatest colloidal osmotic pressure is:

a.	fibrinogen.
b.	prothrombin.
c.	albumin.
d.	hemoglobin.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 163

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge

 

53. The action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney will result in:

a.	sodium retention.
b.	water excretion.
c.	sodium excretion.
d.	water retention.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Medium         REF:   p. 163

MSC:  Type of Question: Knowledge